昇思 25 天学习打卡营第 21 天 | MindNLP CycleGAN图像风格迁移互换

comedate

于 2024-07-29 14:27:34 发布

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分类专栏：昇思大模型平台训练营 Python实用源码深度学习文章标签： MindSpore 深度学习 GAN CycleGAN 图像风格迁移

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/comedate/article/details/140753502

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1. 背景：

使用 MindSpore 学习神经网络，打卡第 20 天；主要内容也依据 mindspore 的学习记录。

2. CycleGAN 介绍：

MindSpore 的 CycleGAN 的图像风格迁移互换
论文地址
 论文中文翻译地址

主要流程：
我们有一个转换器 G ： X → Y，另一个转换器 F ： Y → X，那么 G 和 F 应该是彼此的倒数，并且两个映射都应该是双射。我们通过同时训练映射 G 和 F，并添加周期一致性损失(cycle consistency losses)来应用这一结构假设，该损失鼓励 F（G（x）） ≈ x 和 G（F（y）） ≈ y。将这种损失与域 X 和 Y 上的对抗性损失相结合，可以得出我们实现不成对图像到图像转换的全部目标。

3. 具体实现：

mindspore 使用 CycleGAN 的图像风格迁移互换；使用的数据集为 ImageNet, 共用 17 个数据包。

3.1 python 库安装：

%%capture captured_output
# 实验环境已经预装了mindspore==2.2.14，如需更换mindspore版本，可更改下面mindspore的版本号
!pip uninstall mindspore -y
!pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple mindspore==2.2.14

from download import download

url = "https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/notebook/models/application/CycleGAN_apple2orange.zip"

download(url, ".", kind="zip", replace=True)

3.2 数据处理：

读取数据与解析数据：

from mindspore.dataset import MindDataset

# 读取MindRecord格式数据
name_mr = "./CycleGAN_apple2orange/apple2orange_train.mindrecord"
data = MindDataset(dataset_files=name_mr)
print("Datasize: ", data.get_dataset_size())

batch_size = 1
dataset = data.batch(batch_size)
datasize = dataset.get_dataset_size()

可视化：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mean = 0.5 * 255
std = 0.5 * 255

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5), dpi=60)
for i, data in enumerate(dataset.create_dict_iterator()):
    if i < 5:
        show_images_a = data["image_A"].asnumpy()
        show_images_b = data["image_B"].asnumpy()

        plt.subplot(2, 5, i+1)
        show_images_a = (show_images_a[0] * std + mean).astype(np.uint8).transpose((1, 2, 0))
        plt.imshow(show_images_a)
        plt.axis("off")

        plt.subplot(2, 5, i+6)
        show_images_b = (show_images_b[0] * std + mean).astype(np.uint8).transpose((1, 2, 0))
        plt.imshow(show_images_b)
        plt.axis("off")
    else:
        break
plt.show()

3.3 生成器结构

生成器的结构如下所示：
在这里插入图片描述

import mindspore.nn as nn
import mindspore.ops as ops
from mindspore.common.initializer import Normal

weight_init = Normal(sigma=0.02)

class ConvNormReLU(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, input_channel, out_planes, kernel_size=4, stride=2, alpha=0.2, norm_mode='instance',
                 pad_mode='CONSTANT', use_relu=True, padding=None, transpose=False):
        super(ConvNormReLU, self).__init__()
        norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes)
        if norm_mode == 'instance':
            norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes, affine=False)
        has_bias = (norm_mode == 'instance')
        if padding is None:
            padding = (kernel_size - 1) // 2
        if pad_mode == 'CONSTANT':
            if transpose:
                conv = nn.Conv2dTranspose(input_channel, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='same',
                                          has_bias=has_bias, weight_init=weight_init)
            else:
                conv = nn.Conv2d(input_channel, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad',
                                 has_bias=has_bias, padding=padding, weight_init=weight_init)
            layers = [conv, norm]
        else:
            paddings = ((0, 0), (0, 0), (padding, padding), (padding, padding))
            pad = nn.Pad(paddings=paddings, mode=pad_mode)
            if transpose:
                conv = nn.Conv2dTranspose(input_channel, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad',
                                          has_bias=has_bias, weight_init=weight_init)
            else:
                conv = nn.Conv2d(input_channel, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad',
                                 has_bias=has_bias, weight_init=weight_init)
            layers = [pad, conv, norm]
        if use_relu:
            relu = nn.ReLU()
            if alpha > 0:
                relu = nn.LeakyReLU(alpha)
            layers.append(relu)
        self.features = nn.SequentialCell(layers)

    def construct(self, x):
        output = self.features(x)
        return output


class ResidualBlock(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, dim, norm_mode='instance', dropout=False, pad_mode="CONSTANT"):
        super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = ConvNormReLU(dim, dim, 3, 1, 0, norm_mode, pad_mode)
        self.conv2 = ConvNormReLU(dim, dim, 3, 1, 0, norm_mode, pad_mode, use_relu=False)
        self.dropout = dropout
        if dropout:
            self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=0.5)

    def construct(self, x):
        out = self.conv1(x)
        if self.dropout:
            out = self.dropout(out)
        out = self.conv2(out)
        return x + out


class ResNetGenerator(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, input_channel=3, output_channel=64, n_layers=9, alpha=0.2, norm_mode='instance', dropout=False,
                 pad_mode="CONSTANT"):
        super(ResNetGenerator, self).__init__()
        self.conv_in = ConvNormReLU(input_channel, output_channel, 7, 1, alpha, norm_mode, pad_mode=pad_mode)
        self.down_1 = ConvNormReLU(output_channel, output_channel * 2, 3, 2, alpha, norm_mode)
        self.down_2 = ConvNormReLU(output_channel * 2, output_channel * 4, 3, 2, alpha, norm_mode)
        layers = [ResidualBlock(output_channel * 4, norm_mode, dropout=dropout, pad_mode=pad_mode)] * n_layers
        self.residuals = nn.SequentialCell(layers)
        self.up_2 = ConvNormReLU(output_channel * 4, output_channel * 2, 3, 2, alpha, norm_mode, transpose=True)
        self.up_1 = ConvNormReLU(output_channel * 2, output_channel, 3, 2, alpha, norm_mode, transpose=True)
        if pad_mode == "CONSTANT":
            self.conv_out = nn.Conv2d(output_channel, 3, kernel_size=7, stride=1, pad_mode='pad',
                                      padding=3, weight_init=weight_init)
        else:
            pad = nn.Pad(paddings=((0, 0), (0, 0), (3, 3), (3, 3)), mode=pad_mode)
            conv = nn.Conv2d(output_channel, 3, kernel_size=7, stride=1, pad_mode='pad', weight_init=weight_init)
            self.conv_out = nn.SequentialCell([pad, conv])

    def construct(self, x):
        x = self.conv_in(x)
        x = self.down_1(x)
        x = self.down_2(x)
        x = self.residuals(x)
        x = self.up_2(x)
        x = self.up_1(x)
        output = self.conv_out(x)
        return ops.tanh(output)

# 实例化生成器
net_rg_a = ResNetGenerator()
net_rg_a.update_parameters_name('net_rg_a.')

net_rg_b = ResNetGenerator()
net_rg_b.update_parameters_name('net_rg_b.')

构建判别器：
判别器其实是二分类网络模型，判定图片是真实图的概率；

# 定义判别器
class Discriminator(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, input_channel=3, output_channel=64, n_layers=3, alpha=0.2, norm_mode='instance'):
        super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
        kernel_size = 4
        layers = [nn.Conv2d(input_channel, output_channel, kernel_size, 2, pad_mode='pad', padding=1, weight_init=weight_init),
                  nn.LeakyReLU(alpha)]
        nf_mult = output_channel
        for i in range(1, n_layers):
            nf_mult_prev = nf_mult
            nf_mult = min(2 ** i, 8) * output_channel
            layers.append(ConvNormReLU(nf_mult_prev, nf_mult, kernel_size, 2, alpha, norm_mode, padding=1))
        nf_mult_prev = nf_mult
        nf_mult = min(2 ** n_layers, 8) * output_channel
        layers.append(ConvNormReLU(nf_mult_prev, nf_mult, kernel_size, 1, alpha, norm_mode, padding=1))
        layers.append(nn.Conv2d(nf_mult, 1, kernel_size, 1, pad_mode='pad', padding=1, weight_init=weight_init))
        self.features = nn.SequentialCell(layers)

    def construct(self, x):
        output = self.features(x)
        return output

# 判别器初始化
net_d_a = Discriminator()
net_d_a.update_parameters_name('net_d_a.')

net_d_b = Discriminator()
net_d_b.update_parameters_name('net_d_b.')

3.4 优化器与损失函数

循环一致损失函数定义如下：

$L_{cyc}(G,F)=E_{x-p_{data}(x)}[\Vert F(G(x))-x\Vert_{1}]+E_{y-p_{data}(y)}[\Vert G(F(y))-y\Vert_{1}]$

# 构建生成器，判别器优化器
optimizer_rg_a = nn.Adam(net_rg_a.trainable_params(), learning_rate=0.0002, beta1=0.5)
optimizer_rg_b = nn.Adam(net_rg_b.trainable_params(), learning_rate=0.0002, beta1=0.5)

optimizer_d_a = nn.Adam(net_d_a.trainable_params(), learning_rate=0.0002, beta1=0.5)
optimizer_d_b = nn.Adam(net_d_b.trainable_params(), learning_rate=0.0002, beta1=0.5)

# GAN网络损失函数，这里最后一层不使用sigmoid函数
loss_fn = nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean')
l1_loss = nn.L1Loss("mean")

def gan_loss(predict, target):
    target = ops.ones_like(predict) * target
    loss = loss_fn(predict, target)
    return loss

前向计算：

import mindspore as ms

# 前向计算

def generator(img_a, img_b):
    fake_a = net_rg_b(img_b)
    fake_b = net_rg_a(img_a)
    rec_a = net_rg_b(fake_b)
    rec_b = net_rg_a(fake_a)
    identity_a = net_rg_b(img_a)
    identity_b = net_rg_a(img_b)
    return fake_a, fake_b, rec_a, rec_b, identity_a, identity_b

lambda_a = 10.0
lambda_b = 10.0
lambda_idt = 0.5

def generator_forward(img_a, img_b):
    true = Tensor(True, dtype.bool_)
    fake_a, fake_b, rec_a, rec_b, identity_a, identity_b = generator(img_a, img_b)
    loss_g_a = gan_loss(net_d_b(fake_b), true)
    loss_g_b = gan_loss(net_d_a(fake_a), true)
    loss_c_a = l1_loss(rec_a, img_a) * lambda_a
    loss_c_b = l1_loss(rec_b, img_b) * lambda_b
    loss_idt_a = l1_loss(identity_a, img_a) * lambda_a * lambda_idt
    loss_idt_b = l1_loss(identity_b, img_b) * lambda_b * lambda_idt
    loss_g = loss_g_a + loss_g_b + loss_c_a + loss_c_b + loss_idt_a + loss_idt_b
    return fake_a, fake_b, loss_g, loss_g_a, loss_g_b, loss_c_a, loss_c_b, loss_idt_a, loss_idt_b

def generator_forward_grad(img_a, img_b):
    _, _, loss_g, _, _, _, _, _, _ = generator_forward(img_a, img_b)
    return loss_g

def discriminator_forward(img_a, img_b, fake_a, fake_b):
    false = Tensor(False, dtype.bool_)
    true = Tensor(True, dtype.bool_)
    d_fake_a = net_d_a(fake_a)
    d_img_a = net_d_a(img_a)
    d_fake_b = net_d_b(fake_b)
    d_img_b = net_d_b(img_b)
    loss_d_a = gan_loss(d_fake_a, false) + gan_loss(d_img_a, true)
    loss_d_b = gan_loss(d_fake_b, false) + gan_loss(d_img_b, true)
    loss_d = (loss_d_a + loss_d_b) * 0.5
    return loss_d

def discriminator_forward_a(img_a, fake_a):
    false = Tensor(False, dtype.bool_)
    true = Tensor(True, dtype.bool_)
    d_fake_a = net_d_a(fake_a)
    d_img_a = net_d_a(img_a)
    loss_d_a = gan_loss(d_fake_a, false) + gan_loss(d_img_a, true)
    return loss_d_a

def discriminator_forward_b(img_b, fake_b):
    false = Tensor(False, dtype.bool_)
    true = Tensor(True, dtype.bool_)
    d_fake_b = net_d_b(fake_b)
    d_img_b = net_d_b(img_b)
    loss_d_b = gan_loss(d_fake_b, false) + gan_loss(d_img_b, true)
    return loss_d_b

# 保留了一个图像缓冲区，用来存储之前创建的50个图像
pool_size = 50
def image_pool(images):
    num_imgs = 0
    image1 = []
    if isinstance(images, Tensor):
        images = images.asnumpy()
    return_images = []
    for image in images:
        if num_imgs < pool_size:
            num_imgs = num_imgs + 1
            image1.append(image)
            return_images.append(image)
        else:
            if random.uniform(0, 1) > 0.5:
                random_id = random.randint(0, pool_size - 1)

                tmp = image1[random_id].copy()
                image1[random_id] = image
                return_images.append(tmp)

            else:
                return_images.append(image)
    output = Tensor(return_images, ms.float32)
    if output.ndim != 4:
        raise ValueError("img should be 4d, but get shape {}".format(output.shape))
    return output

梯度与反向传播
梯度计算分不同模型来进行；代码如下：

from mindspore import value_and_grad

# 实例化求梯度的方法
grad_g_a = value_and_grad(generator_forward_grad, None, net_rg_a.trainable_params())
grad_g_b = value_and_grad(generator_forward_grad, None, net_rg_b.trainable_params())

grad_d_a = value_and_grad(discriminator_forward_a, None, net_d_a.trainable_params())
grad_d_b = value_and_grad(discriminator_forward_b, None, net_d_b.trainable_params())

# 计算生成器的梯度，反向传播更新参数
def train_step_g(img_a, img_b):
    net_d_a.set_grad(False)
    net_d_b.set_grad(False)

    fake_a, fake_b, lg, lga, lgb, lca, lcb, lia, lib = generator_forward(img_a, img_b)

    _, grads_g_a = grad_g_a(img_a, img_b)
    _, grads_g_b = grad_g_b(img_a, img_b)
    optimizer_rg_a(grads_g_a)
    optimizer_rg_b(grads_g_b)

    return fake_a, fake_b, lg, lga, lgb, lca, lcb, lia, lib

# 计算判别器的梯度，反向传播更新参数
def train_step_d(img_a, img_b, fake_a, fake_b):
    net_d_a.set_grad(True)
    net_d_b.set_grad(True)

    loss_d_a, grads_d_a = grad_d_a(img_a, fake_a)
    loss_d_b, grads_d_b = grad_d_b(img_b, fake_b)

    loss_d = (loss_d_a + loss_d_b) * 0.5

    optimizer_d_a(grads_d_a)
    optimizer_d_b(grads_d_b)

    return loss_d

3.5 模型训练：

训练分为两个主要部分：训练判别器和训练生成器，在前文的判别器损失函数中，论文采用了最小二乘损失代替负对数似然目标。

训练判别器：训练判别器的目的是最大程度地提高判别图像真伪的概率。按照论文的方法需要训练判别器来最小化 $E_{y-p_{data}(y)}[(D(y)-1)^2]$ ；
训练生成器：如 CycleGAN 论文所述，我们希望通过最小化 $E_{x-p_{data}(x)}[(D(G(x)-1)^2]$ 来训练生成器，以产生更好的虚假图像。

import os
import time
import random
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from mindspore import Tensor, save_checkpoint
from mindspore import dtype

# 由于时间原因，epochs设置为1，可根据需求进行调整
epochs = 1
save_step_num = 80
save_checkpoint_epochs = 1
save_ckpt_dir = './train_ckpt_outputs/'

print('Start training!')

for epoch in range(epochs):
    g_loss = []
    d_loss = []
    start_time_e = time.time()
    for step, data in enumerate(dataset.create_dict_iterator()):
        start_time_s = time.time()
        img_a = data["image_A"]
        img_b = data["image_B"]
        res_g = train_step_g(img_a, img_b)
        fake_a = res_g[0]
        fake_b = res_g[1]

        res_d = train_step_d(img_a, img_b, image_pool(fake_a), image_pool(fake_b))
        loss_d = float(res_d.asnumpy())
        step_time = time.time() - start_time_s

        res = []
        for item in res_g[2:]:
            res.append(float(item.asnumpy()))
        g_loss.append(res[0])
        d_loss.append(loss_d)

        if step % save_step_num == 0:
            print(f"Epoch:[{int(epoch + 1):>3d}/{int(epochs):>3d}], "
                  f"step:[{int(step):>4d}/{int(datasize):>4d}], "
                  f"time:{step_time:>3f}s,\n"
                  f"loss_g:{res[0]:.2f}, loss_d:{loss_d:.2f}, "
                  f"loss_g_a: {res[1]:.2f}, loss_g_b: {res[2]:.2f}, "
                  f"loss_c_a: {res[3]:.2f}, loss_c_b: {res[4]:.2f}, "
                  f"loss_idt_a: {res[5]:.2f}, loss_idt_b: {res[6]:.2f}")

    epoch_cost = time.time() - start_time_e
    per_step_time = epoch_cost / datasize
    mean_loss_d, mean_loss_g = sum(d_loss) / datasize, sum(g_loss) / datasize

    print(f"Epoch:[{int(epoch + 1):>3d}/{int(epochs):>3d}], "
          f"epoch time:{epoch_cost:.2f}s, per step time:{per_step_time:.2f}, "
          f"mean_g_loss:{mean_loss_g:.2f}, mean_d_loss:{mean_loss_d :.2f}")

    if epoch % save_checkpoint_epochs == 0:
        os.makedirs(save_ckpt_dir, exist_ok=True)
        save_checkpoint(net_rg_a, os.path.join(save_ckpt_dir, f"g_a_{epoch}.ckpt"))
        save_checkpoint(net_rg_b, os.path.join(save_ckpt_dir, f"g_b_{epoch}.ckpt"))
        save_checkpoint(net_d_a, os.path.join(save_ckpt_dir, f"d_a_{epoch}.ckpt"))
        save_checkpoint(net_d_b, os.path.join(save_ckpt_dir, f"d_b_{epoch}.ckpt"))

print('End of training!')

3.6 模型推理：

结果中第一行为原图，第二行为对于生成的结果图：

import os
from PIL import Image
import mindspore.dataset as ds
import mindspore.dataset.vision as vision
from mindspore import load_checkpoint, load_param_into_net

# 加载权重文件
def load_ckpt(net, ckpt_dir):
    param_GA = load_checkpoint(ckpt_dir)
    load_param_into_net(net, param_GA)

g_a_ckpt = './CycleGAN_apple2orange/ckpt/g_a.ckpt'
g_b_ckpt = './CycleGAN_apple2orange/ckpt/g_b.ckpt'

load_ckpt(net_rg_a, g_a_ckpt)
load_ckpt(net_rg_b, g_b_ckpt)

# 图片推理
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(11, 2.5), dpi=100)
def eval_data(dir_path, net, a):

    def read_img():
        for dir in os.listdir(dir_path):
            path = os.path.join(dir_path, dir)
            img = Image.open(path).convert('RGB')
            yield img, dir

    dataset = ds.GeneratorDataset(read_img, column_names=["image", "image_name"])
    trans = [vision.Resize((256, 256)), vision.Normalize(mean=[0.5 * 255] * 3, std=[0.5 * 255] * 3), vision.HWC2CHW()]
    dataset = dataset.map(operations=trans, input_columns=["image"])
    dataset = dataset.batch(1)
    for i, data in enumerate(dataset.create_dict_iterator()):
        img = data["image"]
        fake = net(img)
        fake = (fake[0] * 0.5 * 255 + 0.5 * 255).astype(np.uint8).transpose((1, 2, 0))
        img = (img[0] * 0.5 * 255 + 0.5 * 255).astype(np.uint8).transpose((1, 2, 0))

        fig.add_subplot(2, 8, i+1+a)
        plt.axis("off")
        plt.imshow(img.asnumpy())

        fig.add_subplot(2, 8, i+9+a)
        plt.axis("off")
        plt.imshow(fake.asnumpy())

eval_data('./CycleGAN_apple2orange/predict/apple', net_rg_a, 0)
eval_data('./CycleGAN_apple2orange/predict/orange', net_rg_b, 4)
plt.show()

4. 相关链接：

CycleGAN 论文地址
https://xihe.mindspore.cn/events/mindspore-training-camp

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昇思 25 天学习打卡营第 21 天 | MindNLP CycleGAN图像风格迁移互换

MindSpore 的 CycleGAN 的图像风格迁移互换论文地址论文中文翻译地址主要流程：我们有一个转换器 G ： X → Y，另一个转换器 F ： Y → X，那么 G 和 F 应该是彼此的倒数，并且两个映射都应该是双射。我们通过同时训练映射 G 和 F，并添加周期一致性损失(cycle consistency losses)来应用这一结构假设，该损失鼓励 F（G（x）） ≈ x 和 G（F（y）） ≈ y。
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