本章就讲测试部分和训练部分的代码，照片经过yolo3的网络输出的是[1, 10647, 85]的数值，其中10647是（1313+2626+52*52）*3的输出，在每一个大小的网络信息上都有三个预测框，85是框的位置坐标x1,y1,x2,y2的形式，在yolo3的训练坐标储存方式是xywh形式，自己需要训练的xml文件保存的坐标是xyxy形式(到后面会讲解自己想要训练数据集的整理），和置信度1，分类80，一共85。
训练代码
from __future__ import division
from models import *
from utils.logger import *
from utils.utils import *
from utils.datasets import *
from utils.parse_config import *
from test import evaluate
from terminaltables import AsciiTable
import sys
sys.path.append('G://3d/训练测试/PyTorch-YOLOv3-master')
import os
import sys
import time
import datetime
import argparse
import torch
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision import transforms
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.optim as optim
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() #通过parser这个模块，将训练需要的值整合成一个模块，方便调用和修改
parser.add_argument("--epochs", type=int, default=100, help="number of epochs")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=8, help="size of each image batch")
parser.add_argument("--gradient_accumulations", type=int, default=2, help="number of gradient accums before step")
parser.add_argument("--model_def", type=str, default="config/yolov3.cfg", help="path to model definition file")
parser.add_argument("--data_config", type=str, default="config/coco.data", help="path to data config file")
parser.add_argument("--pretrained_weights", type=str, help="if specified starts from checkpoint model")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=8, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=416, help="size of each image dimension")
parser.add_argument("--checkpoint_interval", type=int, default=1, help="interval between saving model weights")
parser.add_argument("--evaluation_interval", type=int, default=1, help="interval evaluations on validation set")
parser.add_argument("--compute_map", default=False, help="if True computes mAP every tenth batch")
parser.add_argument("--multiscale_training", default=True, help="allow for multi-scale training")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)
logger = Logger("logs") #用于可视化的显示
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
os.makedirs("output", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("checkpoints", exist_ok=True)
# Get data configuration
data_config = parse_data_config(opt.data_config) #这各是加载data的文件，里面包含训练和测试文件夹的位置
train_path = data_config["train"]
valid_path = data_config["valid"]
class_names = load_classes(data_config["names"])
# Initiate model
model = Darknet(opt.model_def).to(device) #加载权重
model.apply(weights_init_normal) #模型初始化权重操作
# If specified we start from checkpoint
if opt.pretrained_weights: #预训练模型的加载，开始训练一般默认是darknet的权重
if opt.pretrained_weights.endswith(".pth"):
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(opt.pretrained_weights))
else:
model.load_darknet_weights(opt.pretrained_weights)
# Get dataloader
dataset = ListDataset(train_path, augment=True, multiscale=opt.multiscale_training) #将数据全部加载好
dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( #形成迭代器的昂、方式
dataset,
batch_size=opt.batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=opt.n_cpu,
pin_memory=True,
collate_fn=dataset.collate_fn, #这一步是重点，在这个自定义模块重写了，目的是将批次大小的数据集随机变化，可以更好的放置过拟合
)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters()) #优化器
metrics = [
"grid_size",
"loss",
"x",
"y",
"w",
"h",
"conf",
"cls",
"cls_acc",
"recall50",
"recall75",
"precision",
"conf_obj",
"conf_noobj",
] #后面值得输出需要用到，提前定义好
for epoch in range(opt.epochs):
model.train()
start_time = time.time()
for batch_i, (_, imgs, targets) in enumerate(dataloader): #imgs图像数值，targets包含多个框
batches_done = len(dataloader) * epoch + batch_i
imgs = Variable(imgs.to(device)) ##利用gpu
targets = Variable(targets.to(device), requires_grad=False)
loss, outputs = model(imgs, targets)
loss.backward() #反向传播
if batches_done % opt.gradient_accumulations:
# Accumulates gradient before each step
optimizer.step()
optimizer.zero_grad()
# ----------------
# Log progress
# ----------------
#一会输出训练了多少，用来查看进度
log_str = "\n---- [Epoch %d/%d, Batch %d/%d] ----\n" % (epoch, opt.epochs, batch_i, len(dataloader))
metric_table = [["Metrics", *[f"YOLO Layer {i}" for i in range(len(model.yolo_layers))]]]
#找到之前在yolo中定义的Metrics，保存着各种loss
# metric_table=[['Metrics', 'YOLO Layer 0', 'YOLO Layer 1', 'YOLO Layer 2']]
# Log metrics at each YOLO layer
for i, metric in enumerate(metrics):
formats = {m: "%.6f" for m in metrics}#将所有的metrics中的输出数值类型定义，这一步把全部的输出类型全部定义保留6位小数
formats["grid_size"] = "%2d"
formats["cls_acc"] = "%.2f%%"
row_metrics = [formats[metric] % yolo.metrics.get(metric, 0) for yolo in model.yolo_layers]
metric_table += [[metric, *row_metrics]]
# Tensorboard logging
tensorboard_log = [] #将信息保存到tensorboard当中
for j, yolo in enumerate(model.yolo_layers):
for name, metric in yolo.metrics.items():
if name != "grid_size":
tensorboard_log += [(f"{name}_{j+1}", metric)]
tensorboard_log += [("loss", loss.item())]
logger.list_of_scalars_summary(tensorboard_log, batches_done)
log_str += AsciiTable(metric_table).table
log_str += f"\nTotal loss {loss.item()}"
# Determine approximate time left for epoch
epoch_batches_left = len(dataloader) - (batch_i + 1)
time_left = datetime.timedelta(seconds=epoch_batches_left * (time.time() - start_time) / (batch_i + 1))
log_str += f"\n---- ETA {time_left}"
print(log_str)
model.seen += imgs.size(0)
if epoch % opt.evaluation_interval == 0:
print("\n---- Evaluating Model ----")
# Evaluate the model on the validation set
precision, recall, AP, f1, ap_class = evaluate( #计算各种值
model,
path=valid_path,
iou_thres=0.5,
conf_thres=0.5,
nms_thres=0.5,
img_size=opt.img_size,
batch_size=8,
)
evaluation_metrics = [ #保存在字典的形式用来tensorboard查看值得变化
("val_precision", precision.mean()),
("val_recall", recall.mean()),
("val_mAP", AP.mean()),
("val_f1", f1.mean()),
]
logger.list_of_scalars_summary(evaluation_metrics, epoch)
# Print class APs and mAP
ap_table = [["Index", "Class name", "AP"]]
for i, c in enumerate(ap_class):
ap_table += [[c, class_names[c], "%.5f" % AP[i]]]
print(AsciiTable(ap_table).table)
print(f"---- mAP {AP.mean()}")
if epoch % opt.checkpoint_interval == 0: #保存
torch.save(model.state_dict(), f"checkpoints/yolov3_ckpt_%d.pth" % epoch)
evaluate函数
def evaluate(model, path, iou_thres, conf_thres, nms_thres, img_size, batch_size):
model.eval()
# Get dataloader
dataset = ListDataset(path, img_size=img_size, augment=False, multiscale=False)
dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=1, collate_fn=dataset.collate_fn
)
Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.FloatTensor
labels = []
sample_metrics = [] # List of tuples (TP, confs, pred)
for batch_i, (_, imgs, targets) in enumerate(tqdm.tqdm(dataloader, desc="Detecting objects")):
# Extract labels #target是[:.6] 0是置信度，1是分类信息，2345是坐标点xywh形式
labels += targets[:, 1].tolist() #提取分类值
# Rescale target
targets[:, 2:] = xywh2xyxy(targets[:, 2:]) #类型转化
targets[:, 2:] *= img_size #将xywh相对坐标点转化为在图片中具体的位置
imgs = Variable(imgs.type(Tensor), requires_grad=False)
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(imgs)
outputs = non_max_suppression(outputs, conf_thres=conf_thres, nms_thres=nms_thres) #去掉小于自信度的框和重合度高度框
sample_metrics += get_batch_statistics(outputs, targets, iou_threshold=iou_thres) #预测得分和分类
# Concatenate sample statistics
true_positives, pred_scores, pred_labels = [np.concatenate(x, 0) for x in list(zip(*sample_metrics))]
precision, recall, AP, f1, ap_class = ap_per_class(true_positives, pred_scores, pred_labels, labels) #分别计算各种值，
return precision, recall, AP, f1, ap_class
中间用到了get_batch_statistics（）函数和ap_per_class（），non_max_suppression（）
def non_max_suppression(prediction, conf_thres=0.5, nms_thres=0.4):
"""
Removes detections with lower object confidence score than 'conf_thres' and performs
Non-Maximum Suppression to further filter detections.
Returns detections with shape:
(x1, y1, x2, y2, object_conf, class_score, class_pred)
"""
# From (center x, center y, width, height) to (x1, y1, x2, y2)
prediction[..., :4] = xywh2xyxy(prediction[..., :4]) #转化框的信息
output = [None for _ in range(len(prediction))] #列表信息保存全部
for image_i, image_pred in enumerate(prediction):
# Filter out confidence scores below threshold
image_pred = image_pred[image_pred[:, 4] >= conf_thres] #去除小于自信度的值
# If none are remaining => process next image
if not image_pred.size(0):
continue
# Object confidence times class confidence
score = image_pred[:, 4] * image_pred[:, 5:].max(1)[0] #max（1）[0]的含义是找出每一行最大的值，
# Sort by it
image_pred = image_pred[(-score).argsort()] #从高到低排序
class_confs, class_preds = image_pred[:, 5:].max(1, keepdim=True) #max(1, keepdim=True）是返回最大值和最大值索引
detections = torch.cat((image_pred[:, :5], class_confs.float(), class_preds.float()), 1) #拼接成一个列表
# Perform non-maximum suppression
keep_boxes = []
while detections.size(0):
large_overlap = bbox_iou(detections[0, :4].unsqueeze(0), detections[:, :4]) > nms_thres #去掉iou重合度高的框
label_match = detections[0, -1] == detections[:, -1] #半段最大的和后面所有iou值小的比较，这里之前排过序
# Indices of boxes with lower confidence scores, large IOUs and matching labels
invalid = large_overlap & label_match #通过与操作一次一次比较
weights = detections[invalid, 4:5]
# Merge overlapping bboxes by order of confidence
detections[0, :4] = (weights * detections[invalid, :4]).sum(0) / weights.sum()
keep_boxes += [detections[0]]
detections = detections[~invalid]
if keep_boxes:
output[image_i] = torch.stack(keep_boxes)
return output
def get_batch_statistics(outputs, targets, iou_threshold):
""" Compute true positives, predicted scores and predicted labels per sample """
batch_metrics = []
for sample_i in range(len(outputs)):
if outputs[sample_i] is None:
continue
output = outputs[sample_i]
pred_boxes = output[:, :4] #框的位置信息
pred_scores = output[:, 4] #预测得分
pred_labels = output[:, -1] #分类
true_positives = np.zeros(pred_boxes.shape[0])
annotations = targets[targets[:, 0] == sample_i][:, 1:] #变成一行4个信息值
target_labels = annotations[:, 0] if len(annotations) else []
if len(annotations):
detected_boxes = []
target_boxes = annotations[:, 1:]
for pred_i, (pred_box, pred_label) in enumerate(zip(pred_boxes, pred_labels)):
# If targets are found break
if len(detected_boxes) == len(annotations):
break
# Ignore if label is not one of the target labels
if pred_label not in target_labels:
continue
iou, box_index = bbox_iou(pred_box.unsqueeze(0), target_boxes).max(0)
if iou >= iou_threshold and box_index not in detected_boxes:
true_positives[pred_i] = 1
detected_boxes += [box_index]
batch_metrics.append([true_positives, pred_scores, pred_labels])
return batch_metrics
def ap_per_class(tp, conf, pred_cls, target_cls):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics.
# Arguments
tp: True positives (list).
conf: Objectness value from 0-1 (list).
pred_cls: Predicted object classes (list).
target_cls: True object classes (list).
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Sort by objectness
i = np.argsort(-conf) #返回从小到大的位置索引
tp, conf, pred_cls = tp[i], conf[i], pred_cls[i]
# Find unique classes
unique_classes = np.unique(target_cls) #变成一维度
# Create Precision-Recall curve and compute AP for each class
ap, p, r = [], [], []
for c in tqdm.tqdm(unique_classes, desc="Computing AP"):
i = pred_cls == c
n_gt = (target_cls == c).sum() # Number of ground truth objects
n_p = i.sum() # Number of predicted objects
if n_p == 0 and n_gt == 0:
continue
elif n_p == 0 or n_gt == 0:
ap.append(0)
r.append(0)
p.append(0)
else:
# Accumulate FPs and TPs
fpc = (1 - tp[i]).cumsum()
tpc = (tp[i]).cumsum()
# Recall
recall_curve = tpc / (n_gt + 1e-16)
r.append(recall_curve[-1])
# Precision
precision_curve = tpc / (tpc + fpc)
p.append(precision_curve[-1])
# AP from recall-precision curve
ap.append(compute_ap(recall_curve, precision_curve))
# Compute F1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall)
p, r, ap = np.array(p), np.array(r), np.array(ap)
f1 = 2 * p * r / (p + r + 1e-16)
return p, r, ap, f1, unique_classes.astype("int32")
def compute_ap(recall, precision):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Code originally from https://github.com/rbgirshick/py-faster-rcnn.
# Arguments
recall: The recall curve (list).
precision: The precision curve (list).
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# correct AP calculation
# first append sentinel values at the end
mrec = np.concatenate(([0.0], recall, [1.0]))
mpre = np.concatenate(([0.0], precision, [0.0]))
# compute the precision envelope
for i in range(mpre.size - 1, 0, -1):
mpre[i - 1] = np.maximum(mpre[i - 1], mpre[i])
# to calculate area under PR curve, look for points
# where X axis (recall) changes value
i = np.where(mrec[1:] != mrec[:-1])[0]
# and sum (\Delta recall) * prec
ap = np.sum((mrec[i + 1] - mrec[i]) * mpre[i + 1])
return ap
这一步函数比较多，需要慢慢理解，最后一步就是进行检测了
from __future__ import division
from models import *
from utils.utils import *
from utils.datasets import *
import os
import sys
import time
import datetime
import argparse
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.autograd import Variable
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
from matplotlib.ticker import NullLocator
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--image_folder", type=str, default="data/samples", help="path to dataset")
parser.add_argument("--model_def", type=str, default="config/yolov3.cfg", help="path to model definition file")
parser.add_argument("--weights_path", type=str, default="weights/yolov3.weights", help="path to weights file")
parser.add_argument("--class_path", type=str, default="data/coco.names", help="path to class label file")
parser.add_argument("--conf_thres", type=float, default=0.8, help="object confidence threshold")
parser.add_argument("--nms_thres", type=float, default=0.4, help="iou thresshold for non-maximum suppression")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=1, help="size of the batches")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=0, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=416, help="size of each image dimension")
parser.add_argument("--checkpoint_model", type=str, help="path to checkpoint model")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
os.makedirs("output", exist_ok=True)
# Set up model
model = Darknet(opt.model_def, img_size=opt.img_size).to(device)
if opt.weights_path.endswith(".weights"):
# Load darknet weights
model.load_darknet_weights(opt.weights_path)
else:
# Load checkpoint weights
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(opt.weights_path))
model.eval() # Set in evaluation mode
dataloader = DataLoader(
ImageFolder(opt.image_folder, img_size=opt.img_size),
batch_size=opt.batch_size,
shuffle=False,
num_workers=opt.n_cpu,
)
classes = load_classes(opt.class_path) # Extracts class labels from file
Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.FloatTensor
imgs = [] # Stores image paths
img_detections = [] # Stores detections for each image index
print("\nPerforming object detection:")
prev_time = time.time()
for batch_i, (img_paths, input_imgs) in enumerate(dataloader):
# Configure input
input_imgs = Variable(input_imgs.type(Tensor))
# Get detections
with torch.no_grad():
detections = model(input_imgs)
detections = non_max_suppression(detections, opt.conf_thres, opt.nms_thres)
# Log progress
current_time = time.time()
inference_time = datetime.timedelta(seconds=current_time - prev_time)
prev_time = current_time
print("\t+ Batch %d, Inference Time: %s" % (batch_i, inference_time))
# Save image and detections
imgs.extend(img_paths)
img_detections.extend(detections)
# Bounding-box colors
cmap = plt.get_cmap("tab20b")
colors = [cmap(i) for i in np.linspace(0, 1, 20)]
print("\nSaving images:")
# Iterate through images and save plot of detections
for img_i, (path, detections) in enumerate(zip(imgs, img_detections)):
print("(%d) Image: '%s'" % (img_i, path))
# Create plot
img = np.array(Image.open(path))
plt.figure()
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
ax.imshow(img)
# Draw bounding boxes and labels of detections
if detections is not None:
# Rescale boxes to original image
detections = rescale_boxes(detections, opt.img_size, img.shape[:2])
unique_labels = detections[:, -1].cpu().unique()
n_cls_preds = len(unique_labels)
bbox_colors = random.sample(colors, n_cls_preds)
for x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, cls_conf, cls_pred in detections:
print("\t+ Label: %s, Conf: %.5f" % (classes[int(cls_pred)], cls_conf.item()))
box_w = x2 - x1
box_h = y2 - y1
color = bbox_colors[int(np.where(unique_labels == int(cls_pred))[0])]
# Create a Rectangle patch
bbox = patches.Rectangle((x1, y1), box_w, box_h, linewidth=2, edgecolor=color, facecolor="none")
# Add the bbox to the plot
ax.add_patch(bbox)
# Add label
plt.text(
x1,
y1,
s=classes[int(cls_pred)],
color="white",
verticalalignment="top",
bbox={"color": color, "pad": 0},
)
# Save generated image with detections
plt.axis("off")
plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_locator(NullLocator())
plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_locator(NullLocator())
filename = path.split("/")[-1].split(".")[0]
plt.savefig(f"output/{filename}.png", bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0.0)
plt.close()
这一步整体都比较好理解，输出的照片在一个文件夹内，效果如下，现在的权重用的是训练好的yolo3在coco数据集的值
代码来源https://github.com/eriklindernoren/PyTorch-YOLOv3，在这里可以下载，之后再去下载darknet yolo3的权重就可以直接进行检测了，下一章讲解训练自己的数据集利用yolo3的权重进行迁移学习
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