串口操作一例

一.引子

   这是一个硬件设备通过串口与一个程序工具通信的例子，通过这个工具，可以将设备中储存的一些数据导出为TXT文档。再通过其它系统将这个TXT文件导入到应用的系统中。

二.相关效果图

 

 

 

三.源代码

  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; using System.IO.Ports; using System.Threading; namespace HTExportTools8300 { public partial class FrmExportTools : Form { SerialPort serport = null; public delegate void ShowUiMessage(string controlName, string value); public FrmExportTools() { InitializeComponent(); this.Load += new EventHandler(FrmExportTools_Load); } void FrmExportTools_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Init(); } private void Init() { ReadConfigXml_Export(); this.txtFileName.Text = ""; this.txtFileName.Focus(); } private void ReadConfigXml_Export() { string userPath = PublicSettings.GetUserPath(); string fileName = userPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; if (!File.Exists(fileName)) { string sourceFile = Application.StartupPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; File.Copy(sourceFile, fileName); } //设置COM端口 string[] portlist = System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames(); foreach (string strPort in portlist) { this.cbxPort.Items.Add(strPort); } //加载配置文件 string port = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "port"); string stopbit = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "stopbit"); string baudrate = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "baudrate"); string parity = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "parity"); string databit = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "databit"); string flowcontrol = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "flowcontrol"); string filepath = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "filepath"); //string filename = PublicUse.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "filename"); //设置到控件上 this.cbxPort.Text = port; this.cbxBaud.Text = baudrate; this.cbxStopbits.Text = stopbit; this.cbxParity.Text = parity; this.cbxDatabits.Text = databit; this.cbxFlowcontrol.Text = flowcontrol; this.txtPath.Text = filepath; //this.txtFileName.Text = filename; } private void btnExit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { CloseCom(); this.Close(); } private void btnExit1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { CloseCom(); this.Close(); } private void btnOk_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string userPath = PublicSettings.GetUserPath(); string fileName = userPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; if (!File.Exists(fileName)) { string sourceFile = Application.StartupPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; File.Copy(sourceFile, fileName); } string port = this.cbxPort.Text; if (port == string.Empty) { MessageBox.Show("请设置端口号！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); txtPath.Focus(); return; } string baudrate = this.cbxBaud.Text; string stopbit = this.cbxStopbits.Text; string parity = this.cbxParity.Text; string databit = this.cbxDatabits.Text; string flowcontrol = this.cbxFlowcontrol.Text; string filepath = this.txtPath.Text; string path = this.txtPath.Text; if (path == "" || !System.IO.Directory.Exists(path)) { MessageBox.Show("无效的导出路径！", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); txtPath.Focus(); return; } //写回配置文件 PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "port", port); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "stopbit", stopbit); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "baudrate", baudrate); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "parity", parity); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "databit", databit); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "flowcontrol", flowcontrol); PublicSettings.SetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "filepath", filepath); MessageBox.Show("保存成功！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } private void btnSel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath = this.txtPath.Text; this.folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog(); if (this.folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath != "") { this.txtPath.Text = this.folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; } } private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ReadDataFromHT(); } private void CloseCom() { if (this.serport != null) { serport.Close(); } } private void ReadDataFromHT() { this.lblMsg.Text = "就绪..."; this.lblrow.Text = "0"; this.lbltotal.Text = "0"; this.lblPercent.Text = ""; this.pgbUpload.Value = 0; string name = this.txtFileName.Text.Trim(); if (name == string.Empty) { MessageBox.Show("请指定导出文件名！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); this.txtFileName.Focus(); return; } string userPath = PublicSettings.GetUserPath(); string fileName = userPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; if (!File.Exists(fileName)) { MessageBox.Show("配置文件未保存或丢失！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex = 1; return; } // BackgroundWorker thread = new BackgroundWorker(); thread.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(WorkerThread); thread.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; thread.WorkerReportsProgress = false; thread.RunWorkerAsync(); } void WorkerThread(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { string name = this.txtFileName.Text.Trim(); string userPath = PublicSettings.GetUserPath(); string fileName = userPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; //读取配置文件中的选项 string strFilePath = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "filepath"); string strFileName = strFilePath + @"/" + name + ".txt"; serport = this.GetSerialPort(); serport.ReadBufferSize = 1024; serport.WriteBufferSize = 1024; serport.ReadTimeout = 2000; StreamWriter sw = null; bool isOver = false; long rowcount = 0; try { if (serport.IsOpen) { serport.Close(); } serport.ReadBufferSize = 2; serport.Open(); serport.DiscardOutBuffer(); serport.DiscardInBuffer(); DateTime begindate = DateTime.Now; //准备通信--------------------------------- int i = 0; //读开始符号 string s = serport.ReadLine(); if (s.Length > 5) { if (s.Substring(0, 6) == "START.") { rowcount = Convert.ToInt32(s.Substring(6, s.Length - 6)); string countstr = rowcount.ToString(); //输出总数 this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lbltotal", countstr, }); //开始传输 this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblMsg", "数据传输中..." }); if (System.IO.File.Exists(strFileName)) { File.Delete(strFileName); } sw = File.CreateText(strFileName); //向HT发送开始信号，让其发送数据 serport.WriteLine("START./r"); while (i < rowcount) { while ((s = serport.ReadLine()) != null) { if (s != "OVER.") { serport.DiscardInBuffer(); sw.WriteLine(s); //写确认符 serport.WriteLine("1/r"); //行数 this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblrow", (i + 1).ToString() }); //进度 this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "pgbUpload", ((int)(((float)i + 1) / rowcount * 100)).ToString() }); //比例 float percent = ((float)i + 1) / (float)rowcount; this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblPercent", ((int)(percent * 100)).ToString() + "%" }); i++; break; } else { isOver = true; break; } } if (isOver) { this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblMsg", "数据传输出错或中断！" }); return; } } this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblMsg", "数据传输已完成。" }); } } } catch (ThreadAbortException thread) { } catch (Exception ce) { if (this != null) { this.Invoke(new ShowUiMessage(SynchUpdateUI), new string[] { "lblMsg", "数据传输出错或中断！" }); MessageBox.Show(ce.Message, "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } } finally { if (sw != null) { sw.Close(); } if (serport != null) { serport.Close(); } } } private void SynchUpdateUI(string controlName, string value) { switch (controlName) { case "lbltotal": this.lbltotal.Text = value; break; case "lblrow": this.lblrow.Text = value; break; case "pgbUpload": this.pgbUpload.Value = Convert.ToInt32(value); break; case "lblPercent": this.lblPercent.Text = value; break; case "lblMsg": this.lblMsg.Text = value; break; } } private SerialPort GetSerialPort() { string userPath = PublicSettings.GetUserPath(); string fileName = userPath + @"/HT8300Config.XML"; //读取配置文件中的选项 string comPort = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "port"); string baudrate = PublicSettings.GetXmlValue(fileName, 1, "baudrate"); SerialPort serport = new SerialPort(); serport.PortName = comPort; serport.BaudRate = 115200; serport.StopBits = StopBits.One; serport.Parity = Parity.None; serport.DataBits = 8; serport.Handshake = Handshake.None; serport.NewLine = "/r"; serport.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312"); serport.DiscardNull = false; return serport; } } }

四.总结说明

  标准串口操作比较简单，也没有什么可多解释的。这里只对一个地方加以强调：在设置串口类的NewLine属性后对ReadLine()与WriteLine()方法要加以注意。(保存COM口参数的代码这里没有提供，但方法很简单，网络上可以随意搜索得到。)