python单向认证_使用Python进行单向方差分析的四种方法

python单向认证

The current post will focus on how to carry out between-subjects ANOVA using Python. As mentioned in an earlier post (Repeated measures ANOVA with Python) ANOVAs are commonly used in Psychology.

本篇文章将重点介绍如何使用Python进行对象间ANOVA。 如先前的文章（ 使用Python的重复测量ANOVA）所述， ANOVA在心理学中很常用。

 

We start with some brief introduction on theory of ANOVA. If you are more interested in the four methods to carry out one-way ANOVA with Python click here. ANOVA is a means of comparing the ratio of systematic variance to unsystematic variance in an experimental study. Variance in the ANOVA is partitioned in to total variance, variance due to groups, and variance due to individual differences.

我们从ANOVA理论的简要介绍开始。 如果您对使用Python执行单向ANOVA的四种方法更感兴趣， 请单击此处 。 方差分析是一种在实验研究中比较系统方差与非系统方差之比的方法。 方差分析中的方差分为总方差，因组引起的方差和因个体差异引起的方差。

Partioning of Variance in the ANOVA. SS stands for Sum of Squares.

方差分析中的方差划分。 SS代表平方和。

The ratio obtained when doing this comparison is known as the F-ratio. A one-way ANOVA can be seen as a regression model with a single categorical predictor. This predictor usually has two plus categories. A one-way ANOVA has a single factor with J levels. Each level corresponds to the groups in the independent measures design.

进行此比较时获得的比率称为F比率。 单向方差分析可以看作是具有单个分类预测变量的回归模型。 该预测变量通常具有两个加号类别。 单向方差分析具有J水平的单个因子。 每个级别对应于独立度量设计中的组。

The general form of the model, which is a regression model for a categorical factor with J levels, is:

该模型的一般形式是具有J级分类因子的回归模型，其形式为：

There is a more elegant way to parametrize the model. In this way the group means are represented as deviations from the grand mean by grouping their coefficients under a single term.  I will not go into detail on this equation:

有一种更优雅的方法可以对模型进行参数化。 通过这种方式，通过将它们的系数分组在单个项下，将组均值表示为与总体均值的偏差。 我将不详细讨论这个方程：

As for all parametric tests the data need to be normally distributed (each groups data should be roughly normally distributed) for the F-statistic to be reliable. Each experimental condition should have roughly the same variance (i.e., homogeneity of variance), the observations (e.g., each group) should be independent, and the dependent variable should be measured on, at least,  an interval scale.

对于所有参数测试，为了使F统计可靠，数据需要正态分布（每个组的数据应大致呈正态分布）。 每个实验条件应具有大致相同的方差（即方差的均一性），观察值（例如，每个组）应独立，并且应至少在区间尺度上测量因变量。