云计算及其应用_软计算及其类型简介

云计算及其应用

电脑运算 (Computing)

Any activity that uses computers to manage, process and communicate information is called computing. In 2005 ACM computing curricula defined "computing" as follow,

使用计算机来管理，处理和交流信息的任何活动都称为计算。 在2005年ACM计算课程中，“ 计算 ”定义如下：

"In a general way, we can say that computing any goal-oriented activity that requires benefited from or creating computers. Thus designing and building hardware and software systems for many ranges of purposes, structuring and doing scientific studies using the computer and managing various types of information."

“总的来说，我们可以说计算任何需要受益于或创建计算机的面向目标的活动。因此可以设计和构建用于多种用途的硬件和软件系统，使用计算机进行结构化和科学研究，以及管理各种类型的软件。信息。”

计算类型 (Types of Computing)

There are mainly two types of computing,

主要有两种类型的计算，

1) Soft Computing

1)软计算

• Soft computing is just automating the process of computing. Hard computing means just dong computing according to your needs.

  软计算只是使计算过程自动化。 硬计算意味着只根据您的需要进行计算。

• The term soft computing is a new concept proposed by Professor Lottie Zadeh.

  软计算一词是Lottie Zadeh教授提出的一个新概念。

• The process of soft computing is to exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to obtain robustness, tractability, batter rapport with reality, and low solution cost.

  软计算的过程是利用对不精确性，不确定性和部分真实性的容忍度，以获得鲁棒性，易处理性，与现实的面子和睦以及较低的解决方案成本。

• Soft computing is when a program learns its own but hard computing is when you tell the program to compute particular things.

  软计算是指程序学习自己的内容，而硬计算是指告诉程序计算特定事物的时间。

• Soft computing means making the program that does not directly connect to hardware like a database.

  软计算意味着制作不直接连接到数据库等硬件的程序。

• Soft computing is not just a homogenous body of concepts and techniques, rather it is a partnership of different methods.

  软计算不仅是概念和技术的同质体，而且是各种方法的结合。

• In soft computing, fuzzy logic is concerned with imprecision and appropriate reasoning neurocomputing with learning and curve-fitting probabilistic reasoning with uncertainty and belief propagation.

  在软计算中，模糊逻辑涉及不精确和适当的推理神经计算，以及学习和曲线拟合，具有不确定性和置信度传播的概率推理。

• Soft computing is a hybrid technique that uses a combination of NNs, GAs, and FL. Its goal is to match the human brain as near as possible.

  软计算是一种混合技术，结合了NN，GA和FL的使用。 其目标是使人类的大脑尽可能靠近。

• Soft computing is a process in which antecedent is given to a computing function and the output consequent is produced.

  软计算是将计算函数赋予先决条件并产生输出的过程。

  

  Where

  哪里

  f is the formal method / algorithms / mapping function.

  f是形式方法/算法/映射函数。

2) Hard Computing

2)硬计算

• It is mainly based on binary logic and a crisp system.

  它主要基于二进制逻辑和清晰的系统。

• Hard computing mainly works on exact input data.

  硬计算主要用于精确的输入数据。

• It is that ancient approach in computing that desires associate in the analytical model.

  正是这种古老的计算方法希望与分析模型相关联。

• Hard computing is not that capable to solve a real-life problem.

  硬计算并不能解决现实生活中的问题。

• It also needs a precise consecutive file.

  它还需要一个精确的连续文件。

• It is deterministic.

  它是确定性的。

软计算和硬计算之间的区别 (Difference between soft computing and hard computing)

Hard Computing	Soft Computing
In hard computing, there is precision.	In soft computing, there is an imprecision.
It is based on binary logic and numerical analysis.	It is based on fuzzy logic neural network, evolutionary computation.
In this, there is no approximation.	In this, there is an approximation.
It has exact input data.	It deals with ambiguous noisy data.
Strictly sequential.	It allows parallel computation.
It is a set of programs to solve a particular problem.	Make a program and it automates the result, how the problem is solved.
It takes a lot of time for computation.	It takes less time because it works like the human brain.
It requires a program to be written.	It can evolve its program.

硬计算	软计算
在硬计算中，存在精度。	在软计算中，存在不精确性。
它基于二进制逻辑和数值分析。	它基于模糊逻辑神经网络，进化计算。
在这种情况下，没有近似值。	在此有一个近似值。
它具有确切的输入数据。	它处理含糊的嘈杂数据。
严格顺序。	它允许并行计算。
它是解决特定问题的一组程序。	编写一个程序，它自动执行结果，解决问题。
计算需要大量时间。	它花费的时间更少，因为它像人的大脑一样工作。
它需要编写程序。	它可以改进其程序。

软计算的应用 (Applications of Soft Computing)

• In solving the non-linear problem where the mathematical model is not possible.

  在解决数学模型不可能的非线性问题时。

• Introducing human knowledge such as cognition, data mining, and web mining.

  引入人类知识，例如认知，数据挖掘和网络挖掘。

• Global positioning system.

  全球定位系统。

• Face recognition.

  人脸识别。

• Signature verification.

  签名验证。

• Traveling salesman problem optimization

  旅行商问题优化

• Hybrid fuzzy controllers.

  混合模糊控制器。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/soft-computing/introduction-to-soft-computing-and-its-types.aspx

云计算及其应用