环境:Windows10与树莓派3B+
目标:实现(简易聊天+文件传输)
Python基于socket编程
任务一:一问一答的聊天
- 虽然可分为服务器端/客户端 ,但是对话者的身份平等,因此分别在PC端(充当服务器“server”端)创建Talk1.py,树莓派端创建Talk2.py(充当客户“client”端);
- 运行时先运行Talk1.py(服务器端)再运行Talk2.py(客户端);
注意
: PC和树莓派必须位于同一网段wifi下;我PC的IP为192.168.43.241,树莓派IP为192.168.43.24;以下两段代码中绑定IP端口都为服务器(PC端)端口(192.168.43.241)
源码:
PC-服务器端(Talk1.py)
#Talk1.py源码:
import socket
host = '192.168.43.241'
port = 12345
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)
sock,addr = s.accept()
print('Connection built')
info = sock.recv(1024).decode()
while info != 'exit':
print('raspberry:'+info)
send_mes = input()
sock.send(send_mes.encode())
if send_mes =='exit':
break
info = sock.recv(1024).decode()
sock.close()
s.close()
树莓派-客户端(Talk2.py)
#Talk2.py源码:
import socket
s= socket.socket()
host = '192.168.43.241'
port = 12345
s.connect((host,port))
print('Linked')
info = ''
while info != 'exit':
print('Windows:'+info)
send_mes=input()
s.send(send_mes.encode())
if send_mes =='exit':
break
info = s.recv(1024).decode()
s.close()
(注:采用一问一答模式,退出输入exit)
任务二:文件传输
-
思路:读取文件名→检测文件是否存在→打开文件→检测文件大小→发送文件大小和MD5值给客户端→等客户端确认→开始边读边→发数据→MD5验证(关键,防止传输过程中文件损坏丢失!)
-
PC端充当发送文件者(server端)创建server.py,树莓派充当文件接收者(client端)创建client.py;
-
PC和树莓派必须位于同一wifi下;我PC的IP为192.168.43.241,树莓派IP为192.168.43.24;以下两段代码中绑定IP端口都为服务器(PC端)端口(192.168.43.241)
源码:
PC-服务器端(server.py)
# 服务器端
import socket
import os
import hashlib
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("192.168.43.241", 6969)) # 绑定监听端口
server.listen(5) # 监听
print("监听开始..")
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept() # 等待连接
print("conn:", conn, "\naddr:", addr) # conn连接实例
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024) # 接收
if not data: # 客户端已断开
print("客户端断开连接")
break
print("收到的命令:", data.decode("utf-8"))
cmd, filename = data.decode("utf-8").split(" ")
if cmd =="get":
if os.path.isfile(filename): # 判断文件存在
# 1.先发送文件大小,让客户端准备接收
size = os.stat(filename).st_size #获取文件大小
conn.send(str(size).encode("utf-8")) # 发送数据长度
print("发送的大小:", size)
# 2.发送文件内容
conn.recv(1024) # 接收确认
m = hashlib.md5()
f = open(filename, "rb")
for line in f:
conn.send(line) # 发送数据
m.update(line)
f.close()
# 3.发送md5值进行校验
md5 = m.hexdigest()
conn.send(md5.encode("utf-8")) # 发送md5值
print("md5:", md5)
server.close()
树莓派-客户端(Talk2.py)
# 客户端
import socket
import os
import hashlib
client = socket.socket() # 生成socket连接对象
ip_port =("192.168.43.241", 6969) # 地址和端口号
client.connect(ip_port) # 连接
print("服务器已连接")
while True:
content = input(">>")
if len(content)==0: continue # 如果传入空字符会阻塞
if content.startswith("get"):
client.send(content.encode("utf-8")) # 传送和接收都是bytes类型
# 1.先接收长度,建议8192
server_response = client.recv(1024)
file_size = int(server_response.decode("utf-8"))
print("接收到的大小:", file_size)
# 2.接收文件内容
client.send("准备好接收".encode("utf-8")) # 接收确认
filename = "new" + content.split(" ")[1]
f = open(filename, "wb")
received_size = 0
m = hashlib.md5()
while received_size < file_size:
size = 0 # 准确接收数据大小,解决粘包
if file_size - received_size > 1024: # 多次接收
size = 1024
else: # 最后一次接收完毕
size = file_size - received_size
data = client.recv(size) # 多次接收内容,接收大数据
data_len = len(data)
received_size += data_len
print("已接收:", int(received_size/file_size*100), "%")
m.update(data)
f.write(data)
f.close()
print("实际接收的大小:", received_size) # 解码
# 3.md5值校验
md5_sever = client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
md5_client = m.hexdigest()
print("服务器发来的md5:", md5_sever)
print("接收文件的md5:", md5_client)
if md5_sever == md5_client:
print("MD5值校验成功")
else:
print("MD5值校验失败")
client.close()
运行结果:
运行server.py
运行client.py
客户端输入提示:
get fileName
#1.先运行server.py再运行client.py;
#2.如果连接成功,在客户端输入"get hello.doc"/"get hello.png"...
#3.hello.doc或hello.png与server.py处于同一目录下,不然把hello.doc改为对应目录和文件名就行!
如果成功接收文件,在client.py目录下会出现一个新建newhello.doc!
MD-5纠错:
PC端hello.doc文件
树莓派接收文件:
大功告成!