手把手搭建Nginx日志高级监控 —— 基于Loki + Promtail + Grafana

参考官方文档：

Loki: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/

Grafana Loki V2 Dashboard for Nginx https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12559?pg=dashboards&plcmt=featured-main

先看下最终效果截图：

1. Loki + Promtail简介

官网有说明。

简单理解，

Loki是个日志监控系统，可用来分析日志，并提供给Grafana进行图形化展示。

Promtail是个日志转发的代理，用于给Loki提供日志数据的。

2. Loki + Promtail下载并安装启动

 

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.1.0/cmd/loki/loki-local-config.yaml -O loki-config.yaml
docker run -v $(pwd):/mnt/config -p 3100:3100 grafana/loki:2.1.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/loki-config.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.1.0/cmd/promtail/promtail-docker-config.yaml -O promtail-config.yaml
docker run -v $(pwd):/mnt/config -v /usr/local/nginx/logs:/usr/local/nginx/logs grafana/promtail:2.1.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/promtail-config.yaml

以上脚本来自官网，容器启动后，先停止，修改配置文件。

 

3. 修改Nginx配置

log_format json_analytics '{'
                            '"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution
                            '"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number
                            '"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection
                    '"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid
                    '"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id
                    '"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body)
                    '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP
                    '"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username
                    '"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port
                    '"time_local": "$time_local", '
                    '"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format
                    '"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request
                    '"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request
                    '"args": "$args", ' # args
                    '"status": "$status", ' # response status code
                    '"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client
                    '"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client
                    '"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer
                    '"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent
                    '"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for
                    '"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header
                    '"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request
                    '"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution
                    '"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests
                    '"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS
                    '"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers
                    '"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body
                    '"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length
                    '"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable
                    '"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol
                    '"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher
                    '"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https
                    '"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method
                    '"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0
                    '"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise
                    '"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", '
                    '"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray"'
                    '}';
access_log logs/json_access.log json_analytics;

 

4. 修改Promtail配置

 

server:
  http_listen_port: 0
  grpc_listen_port: 0

positions:
  filename: /tmp/positions.yaml

clients:
  - url: http://172.17.0.4:3100/loki/api/v1/push  # Loki日志推送地址

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: system
    #pipeline_stages:
    #- replace:
    #    expression: '(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}([0-9]{1,3})'
    #    replace: '***'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost # 根据官方文档，这里只能是localhost
        labels:
          job: nginx_access_log
          agent: promtail
          __path__: /usr/local/nginx/logs/json_access.log  # 需要上传的日志地址。

5. 重启Loki+Promtail容器

root@daicytest01:/usr/local/nginx/logs# docker container restart 49ae3da9bd4d
49ae3da9bd4d
root@daicytest01:/usr/local/nginx/logs# docker container restart d3c292252aa4
d3c292252aa4

6. 配置Grafana数据源

配置方式跟上一篇（Grafana搭建及vts监控）的配置Prometheus数据源相同

 

7. 配置Grafana模版

模版ID：12559

 

配置模版方式同上一篇配置vts-nginx模版。

8. 查看面板

 

9. 可查看指标

总请求量

状态码 2xx,3xx,5xx请求量

流量情况

请求明细

百分之95请求响应时间

最大请求IP

最大请求路径

.....

10. 国家面板

Country面板无数据，是因为Grafana没有地图面板插件，且Nginx默认没有开启国家城市过滤。

下一篇为大家添加该插件并展示地图信息

11. 资源消耗

 

查看资源消耗。

loki在内存消耗上还不小，每15秒钟，占用内存22.5%，大概440M左右内存消耗

promtail在内存消耗，大概每10秒一次，占用内存2.7%，大概40-50M内存消耗。

promtail占用资源还好，但loki部署时，需要考虑不要和应用服务部署在一台电脑。