QR分解解线性方程组（包括超定方程组）

function [x] = qr_factorization(A, b)

[m, n] = size(A);
for k = 1:n
    x = A(k:m,k);
    v = x;
    v(1) = v(1)+sign(x(1))*norm(x,2);
    v = v/norm(v, 2);
    A(k:m, k:n) = A(k:m, k:n) - 2*v*(v'*A(k:m, k:n));
    b(k:m) = b(k:m) - 2*v*(v'*b(k:m)); 
    V(k:m,k) = v;
end

A = A(1:n,1:n);
b = b(1:n);
x = backward_substitution(A, b);

end


%Backward substitution
function x = backward_substitution(U, y)

[n, n] = size(U);
x = y;
for j=n:-1:2
    x(j)=x(j)/U(j,j);
    x(1:j-1)=x(1:j-1)-x(j)*U(1:j-1,j);
end
x(1)=x(1)/U(1, 1);

end