Sampling(采样):使得自变量(如:时间)从连续到离散;
Quantization(量化):使得因变量(如:电压)从连续到离散;
采样和量化限制了数字信号的分辨率,模拟信号的分辨率也受噪声和带宽的限制!
Dithering:当信号变化过小,在一个量化单位以内时,通过引入噪声来增加信号的变化,从而表现出更多的信号信息;
采样理论:采样后的信号仅能恢复频率小于采样率一半的原始信号成分,若原始信号有超过采样率一半的成分,则会混叠至采样率一半以下(aliasing)a digital signal cannot contain frequencies above one-half the sampling rate (i.e., the Nyquist frequency/rate).
Aliasing同时影响频率和相位:
ADC:采样保持+量化;
DAC:零阶保持(
sinc(x)
)+滤波(
1/sinc(x)
);
三类模拟滤波器:Chebyshev, Butterworth, and Bessel (also called a Thompson filter)
cutoff frequency sharpness:Chebyshev > Butterworth (maximally flat filter)> Bessel
In most systems, the frequency band between about 0.4 and 0.5 of the sampling frequency is an unusable wasteland of filter roll-off and aliased signals(由于0.4~0.5 采样频率通常是无用的)
权衡因素:better roll-off VS passband ripple
阶跃响应
脉冲响应
Bessel filter——no overshoot and symmetrical edges
The Chebyshev optimizes the roll-off, the Butterworth optimizes the passband flatness, and the Bessel optimizes the step response.
因此,切比雪夫和巴特沃斯滤波器适合频域编码的信息(利用不同频率成分,如音频信号),而贝塞尔滤波器适合时域编码的信息(利用波的形状,如心电图和图像)
Chapter 3 ADC and DAC
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-07 21:17:41 发布