一、积累
1.poultry
2.puff
3.cushion
4.frail
5.patrol
6.feather
7.clay
8.motivate
9.tribe
10.mechanical
11.hype
12.gang
13.abridge
14.jammies
15.ought
16.grieve
17.rip
18.waist
19.phenomenal
20.blond
二、练习
1.牛津原译
Poultry /ˈpəʊltri/
1. [pl.] Chickens, ducks, and geese kept for their meat or eggs - 家禽
- to keep poultry - 饲养家禽
- poultry farming - 养禽业
2. [U] Meat from chickens, ducks, and geese - 禽的肉
- Eat plenty of fish and poultry - 要多吃鱼和禽肉
Puff /pʌf/
1. ~ (at/on sth) to smoke a cigarette, pipe, etc. - 吸，抽（香烟、烟斗等）
- [V] He puffed (away) on his pipe. - 他（一口一口地）吸着烟斗。
- [VN] I sat puffing my cigar. - 我坐着抽雪茄。
2. ~ (sth) (out) to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds; to blow out in clouds - 使喷出，冒出（烟或蒸汽）
- [VN] Chimneys were puffing out clouds of smoke. - 烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
- [V] Steam puffed out. - 蒸汽向外喷出。
3. (informal) to breathe loudly and quickly, especially after you have been running - 急促喘息；气喘吁吁
- [V] I was starting to puff a little from the climb. - 爬坡弄得我有点喘息起来。
- [also V speech] ——see also puffed, puffed out
4. [V+ adv./prep.] to move in a particular direction, sending out small clouds of smoke or steam - 喷着汽（或烟）移动
- The train puffed into the station. - 火车喷着蒸汽驶进车站.
Idioms:
1. be puffed up with pride, etc. - 自满；自负
2. puff and pant (also informal also puff and blow) - 气喘吁吁；呼哧呼哧地喘
Phrasal Verbs:
1. puff sth ←→ out - to make sth bigger and rounder, especially by filling it with air - 吹胀；使鼓起来
- She puffed out her cheeks. - 她鼓起了腮帮子.
2. puff up, puff sth ←→ up - to swell or to make sth swell - 膨胀；使膨胀
- Her cheeks puffed up. - 她的腮帮子鼓了起来.
- The frog puffed itself up. - 这只青蛙胀得鼓鼓的.
Puff /pʌf/
1. [C] an act of breathing in sth such as smoke from a cigarette, or drugs - 吸，抽（把气体经口或鼻引到体内的动作）
- He had a few puffs at the cigar. - 他吸了几口雪茄。
- Take two puffs from the inhaler every four hours. - 每隔四小时从吸药器中吸两口药。
2. [C] a small amount of air, smoke, etc. that is blown from somewhere - （烟、气等的）一缕，少量
- a puff of wind - 一丝清风
- Puffs of white smoke came from the chimney. - 烟囱冒出了袅袅白烟。
- Any chance of success seemed to vanish in a puff of smoke (= to disappear quickly). - 成功的机会犹如一缕青烟，瞬息即逝。
3. [C] a hollow piece of light pastry that is filled with cream, jam, etc. - 千层酥；奶油酥；泡芙
——see also cream puff
4. (NAmE also also ˈpuff piece) [C] (informal usually disapproving) a piece of writing or speech that praises sb/sth too much - 吹捧的文章（或讲话）
5. [U] (informal) (especially BrE) breath - 呼吸；喘息
- The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. - 山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了.
——see also powder puff
cushion /ˈkʊʃn/
1. (NAmE also pillow) a cloth bag filled with soft material or feathers that is used, for example, to make a seat more comfortable - 软垫；坐垫；靠垫
- matching curtains and cushions - 配套的窗帘和靠垫
- a floor cushion - 地板坐垫
- a pile of scatter cushions - 一堆小靠垫
2. a layer of something between two surfaces that keeps them apart - （隔离两个表面的）垫
- A hovercraft rides on a cushion of air. - 气垫船悬浮在气垫上行驶。
3. [usually singular] something that protects you against something unpleasant that might happen - 起保护（或缓冲）作用的事物
- His savings were a comfortable cushion against financial problems. - 他的积蓄好比一个舒适的垫子，可以缓解拮据之苦。
- The team built up a safe cushion of two goals in the first half. - 那支球队上半场射进两球，奠定了稳操胜券的基础。
4. (in the game of billiards, etc.) the soft inside edge along each side of the table, that the balls bounce off - （台球桌内侧边缘的）弹性衬里
cushion /ˈkʊʃn/
[transitive verb]
1. to make the effect of a fall or hit less severe - （跌倒或碰撞时）起缓冲作用，缓和冲击
- My fall was cushioned by the deep snow. - 积雪很厚，我跌得不重。
2. to protect somebody/something from being hurt or damaged or from the unpleasant effects of something - 缓和打击
- The south of the country has been cushioned from the worst effects of the recession. - 国家南部保护得好，没有受到经济衰退造成的最恶劣影响。
- He broke the news of my brother's death to me, making no effort to cushion the blow. - 他把我兄弟死亡的消息直接告诉了我，没有试图减轻此事对我的打击。
3. [usually passive] to make something soft with a cushion -
（用垫子）使柔和，使松软
Mineral n. /ˈmɪnərəl/
1. [countable, uncountable] a substance that is naturally present in the earth and is not formed from animal or vegetable matter, for example gold and salt. Some minerals are also present in food and drink and in the human body and are essential for good health. - 矿物；矿物质
- mineral deposits/extraction - 矿藏；矿物开采
- the recommended intake of vitamins and minerals - 维生素和矿物质的建议摄入量
2. [countable, usually plural] (British English) (North American English also soda) (formal) a sweet drink in various flavors that has bubbles of gas in it and does not contain alcohol - 汽水
- Soft drinks and minerals sold here. - 此处销售各种软饮料和汽水.
Frail adj. /freɪl/
(frailer, frailest)
1. (especially of an old person) physically weak and thin - 瘦弱的
- Mother was becoming too frail to live alone. - 母亲已逐渐衰弱到无法独居。
2. weak; easily damaged or broken - 弱的；易损的；易碎的
- the frail stems of the flowers - 柔弱的花茎
- Human nature is frail. - 人性脆弱。
Patrol /pəˈtrəʊl/
(-ll-)
1. to go around an area or a building at regular times to check that it is safe and that there is no trouble - 巡逻；巡查
- Troops patrolled the border day and night. - 军队日夜在边境地区巡逻。
- Guards can be seen patrolling everywhere. - 到处都能见到保安人员在巡逻。
2. to drive or walk around a particular area, especially in a threatening way - 逛荡，闲逛
- Gangs of youths patrol the streets at night. - 夜里成帮结伙的年轻人在街上闲逛。
patrol
/pəˈtrəʊl/
1. [countable, uncountable] the act of going to different parts of a building, an area, etc. to make sure that there is no trouble or crime - 巡逻；巡查
- Security guards make regular patrols at night. - 夜间保安人员定时巡逻。
- a police car on patrol - 巡逻的警车
2. [countable] a group of soldiers, vehicles, etc. that patrol an area - 巡逻队；巡逻车队
- a naval/police patrol - 海军/警察巡逻队
- a patrol car/boat - 巡逻车/船
3. a group of about six Boy Scouts or Girl Guides/Scouts that forms part of a larger group - 童子军小队
tribe
/traɪb/
1. (sometimes offensive) (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief - 部落
- tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest - 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
2. (usually disapproving) a group or class of people, especially of one profession - 一伙（人），一帮（人），一类（人）
- He had a sudden outburst against the whole tribe of actors. - 他突然对所有的演员非常反感。
3. (biology) a group of related animals or plants - 群，族
- a tribe of cats - 猫族
4. (informal) (humorous) a large number of people - 大群，大帮，大批（人）
- One or two of the grandchildren will be there, but not the whole tribe. - 一两个孙子孙女会去那里，但并不是所有的人。
Tribe /traɪb/
1. (sometimes offensive) (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief - 部落
- tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest - 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
2. (usually disapproving) a group or class of people, especially of one profession - 一伙（人），一帮（人），一类（人）
- He had a sudden outburst against the whole tribe of actors. - 他突然对所有的演员非常反感。
3. (biology) a group of related animals or plants - 群，族
- a tribe of cats - 猫族
4. (informal) (humorous) a large number of people - 大群，大帮，大批（人）
- One or two of the grandchildren will be there, but not the whole tribe. - 一两个孙子孙女会去那里，但并不是所有的人。
feather
/ˈfeðə(r)/
noun
1. one of the many soft light parts covering a bird's body - 羽毛；翎毛
- a peacock feather - 孔雀羽毛
- a feather pillow (one containing feathers) - 羽绒枕头
idioms
1. a feather in your cap - an action that you can be proud of - 可引以自豪的行为
ORIGIN: This idiom comes from the Native American custom of giving a feather to somebody who had been very brave in battle. - 此习语源自美国土著的风俗，把一根羽毛奖赏给在战斗中表现英勇的人。
—more at bird, knock, ruffle, smooth, v.
Clay /kleɪ/
noun
- [U] a type of heavy, sticky earth that becomes hard when it is baked and is used to make things such as pots and bricks - 黏土；陶土
— note at soil
IDM see footnote
Motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/
verb
1. [VN] [often passive] to be the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way - 成为…的动机；是…的原因
- He is motivated entirely by self-interest. - 他做事完全出于私利.
2. to make somebody want to do something, especially something that involves hard work and effort - 推动…甘愿苦干；激励；激发
[VN]
- She's very good at motivating her students. - 她非常擅长激励她的学生.
[VN to inf]
- The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently. - 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作.
3. [VN] (SAfrE formal) to give reasons for something that you have stated - （就所说的话）给出理由；说明…的原因
- Please motivate your answer to question 5. - 请解释你对第5题所作的回答.
derivatives
1. motivated
adjective
- a racially motivated attack - 种族问题引发的攻击
- a highly motivated student (= one who is very interested and works hard) - 学习积极性很高的学生
2. motivation
noun [C, U]
- What is the motivation behind this sudden change? - 这种突然转变背后的动机是什么?
- Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working. - 大多数人说赚取报酬是他们工作的主要动机.
- He's intelligent enough but he lacks motivation. - 他很聪明，但缺乏积极性. (SAfrE)
- All research proposals must be accompanied by a full motivation. - 所有研究计划书均须详述研究动机.
Motivational /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃənl/
adjective
(formal)
• an important motivational factor - 重要的促进因素
motivator
/ˈməʊtɪveɪtə(r)/
noun
• Desire for status can be a powerful motivator. - 追逐地位的欲望可以成为强大的动力.
Mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adjective
1. operated by power from an engine - 机动的；机械驱动的；机械的
• a mechanical device/toy/clock - 机械装置╱玩具╱钟表
• mechanical parts - 机械部件
2. connected with machines and engines - 机器的；机械的；发动机的
• mechanical problems/defects - 机械问题╱缺陷
• The breakdown was due to a mechanical failure. - 抛锚是机械故障造成的.
3. (disapproving) (of people's behaviour and actions人的行为或行动) done without thinking, like a machine - 机械般的；呆头呆脑的；无思想的
SYN routine
• a mechanical gesture/response - 机械的手势╱回答
4. connected with the physical laws of movement and cause and effect (= with mechanics) - 机械的；机械学的
• mechanical processes - 机械过程
5. (of a person人) good at understanding how machines work - 擅长于机械原理的
derivatives
mechanically
/ˈməˈkænɪkli/
adverb
• a mechanically powered vehicle - 机械驱动的交通工具
• She spoke mechanically, as if thinking of something else. - 她机械地说着话，仿佛在想着什么别的事情.
• He's always been mechanically minded. - 他思想一向很僵化.
Hype /haɪp/
[noun]
(informal disapproving) advertisements and discussion on television, radio, etc. telling the public about a product and about how good or important it is - （电视、广播等中言过其实的）促销广告，促销讨论
• marketing/media hype - 夸张的促销╱媒体广告
• Don't believe all the hype—the book isn't that good. - 别相信那些天花乱坠的宣传—那本书没那么好.
[verb] ~ sth (up) (informal disapproving) to advertise sth a lot and exaggerate its good qualities, in order to get a lot of public attention for it - 夸张地宣传（某事物）
• This week his much hyped new movie opens in London. - 本周他那部被大肆炒作的新电影在伦敦上映.
• The meeting was hyped up in the media as an important event. - 这次会议被媒体吹成一件大事.
Gang /ɡæŋ/
[noun]
1. an organized group of criminals - 一帮，一伙（罪犯）
• criminal gang members and drug dealers - 犯罪集团成员和毒品贩子
• a gang of pickpockets - 扒手集团
• A four-man gang carried out the robbery. - 这起抢劫是一个四人团伙所为.
2. a group of young people who spend a lot of time together and often cause trouble or fight against other groups - 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）
• a gang of youths - 一帮小混混
• a street gang - 街头流氓团伙
3. (informal) a group of friends who meet regularly - 一伙（经常聚在一起的朋友）
• The whole gang will be there. - 大伙儿都将在那儿.
4. an organized group of workers or prisoners doing work together - 一队，一组（一起干活的工人、囚犯等）
PHRASAL VERBS:
1. gang together - (informal) to join together in a group in order to have more power or strength - 结成一队；联合起来
2. gang up (on/against sb) - (informal) to join together in a group to hurt, frighten or oppose sb - 结伙，联合起来，拉帮结派（伤害、恐吓或反对某人）
• At school, the older boys ganged up on him and called him names.
- 在学校读书时那些大男孩联合起来欺负他，辱骂他.
Abridge verb /əˈbrɪdʒ/
[transitive] to make a book, play, etc. shorter by leaving parts out - 删节，节略（书籍、剧本等）
DERIVATIVES:
1. abridged
adjective
• an abridged edition/version - 节版；节本
OPPOSITE
unabridged
2. abridgement (also abridgment)
noun [uncountable]
Grieve verb /ɡriːv/
1.- [intransitive]
to feel very sad, especially because somebody has died - （尤指因某人的去世而）悲伤，悲痛，伤心
• They are still grieving for their dead child. - 他们还在为死去的孩子伤心。
• grieving relatives - 悲痛欲绝的亲戚
- [transitive]
• She grieved the death of her husband. - 她为丈夫的去世而悲伤。
2.
- (formal)
to make you feel very sad - 使悲伤；使悲痛；使伤心
SYN: pain
• It grieved him that he could do nothing to help her. -
他因无法帮助她而伤心。
• Their lack of interest grieved her. - 他们不感兴趣使她很痛心。
• It grieved her to leave. - 她要走了，心里很难过。
rip /rɪp/
( -pp- )
1.to tear sth or to become torn, often suddenly or violently（突然或猛烈地）撕破，裂开
[ VN]
•I ripped my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤在栅栏上划破了。
•The flags had been ripped in two.旗帜都被撕成了两半。
[ VN-ADJ]
•She ripped the letter open .她撕开那封信。
[ V]
•I heard the tent rip.我听到了帐篷撕裂的声音。
2.[ VN+ adv./prep.] to remove sth quickly or violently, often by pulling it猛地扯开；突然拉开
•He ripped off his tie.他一把拽掉领带。
•The carpet had been ripped from the stairs.地毯已经从楼梯上拖走了。
3.[ VVN] ( computing 计)
= rasterize
IDIOMS 习语
1.let ˈrip (at sb)
( informal ) to speak or do sth with great force, enthusiasm, etc. and without control激动地说（或做）；忘乎所以地说（或做）
•When she gets angry with her boyfriend, she really lets rip at him.
当她生男朋友气的时候，她真的对他破口大骂。
•The group let rip with a single from their new album.
乐队充满激情地表演了他们新唱片中的一首单曲。
2.let ˈriplet sth ˈrip
( informal )
(1) to go or allow sth such as a car to go as fast as possible（使）全速前进
•Once on the open road, he let rip.一上空旷的公路，他就全速行驶。
•Come on Steve—let her rip.来吧，史蒂夫—让车全速前进吧。
(2) to do sth or to allow sth to happen as fast as possible尽快做；使尽快发生
•This would cause inflation to let rip again.这又将导致急剧的通货膨胀。
3.rip sb/sth aˈpart/to ˈshreds/to ˈbits, etc.
to destroy sth; to criticize sb very strongly摧毁；毁坏；猛烈抨击
——more atheartlimb
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1.ˈrip at sth
to attack sth violently, usually by tearing or cutting it猛烈撕扯；用力割
2.ˌrip ˈinto sb (for/with sth)
to criticize sb and tell them that you are very angry with them责备；斥责
3.ˌrip ˈinto/ˈthrough sb/sth
to go very quickly and violently into or through sb/sth（快速而猛烈地）钻入，穿透
•A bullet ripped into his shoulder.一颗子弹穿透了他的肩头。
4.ˌrip sb←→ˈoff
[ usually passive] ( informal ) to cheat sb, by making them pay too much, by selling them sth of poor quality, etc.敲诈；讹诈
•Tourists complain of being ripped off by local cab drivers.
游客抱怨被当地的出租车司机敲了竹杠。
—related nounrip-off(1)
5.ˌrip sth←→ˈoff
( informal ) to steal sth偷窃；盗取
•Thieves broke in and ripped off five computers.
盗贼破门而入，偷走了五台电脑。
6.ˌrip sth←→ˈup
to tear sth into small pieces把某物撕碎
•He ripped up the letter and threw it in the fire.他把信撕碎，扔到炉子里。
[ usually sing.]
1.a long tear in cloth, paper, etc.（织物、纸张等）撕开的大口子
2.
= rip current
Waist n. /weɪst/
1. 腰；腰部
- the area around the middle of the body between the ribs and the hips, often narrower than the areas above and below
• He put his arm around her waist. 他搂住了她的腰。
• She was paralysed from the waist down (= in the area below her waist). 她从腰部以下都瘫痪了。
• The workmen were stripped to the waist (= wearing no clothes on the top half of their bodies). 工人光着上身。
2. （衣服的）腰部，腰
- the part of a piece of clothing that covers the waist
• a skirt with an elasticated waist 腰部有松紧带的裙子
3. -waisted ( in adjectives构成形容词 ) having the type of waist mentioned
- 有…腰身的；腰身…的
• a high-waisted dress 高腰连衣裙
phe·nom·e·nal adj. /fəˈnɒmɪnl/
1. 了不起的；非凡的
- very great or impressive
- SYN: extraordinary
• The product has been a phenomenal success. 这一产品获得了极大的成功。
2.听写
3.默写
4.翻译
1. She raises poultry on her farm.
她在农场养家禽。
2. The little girl took a puff of her inhaler.
小女孩吸了一口她的喷雾器。
3. I fluffed up the cushion before sitting down.
我在坐下之前抖了抖靠垫。
4. His frail health prevented him from participating in the marathon.
他虚弱的身体状况使他无法参加马拉松比赛。
5. The police officer went on a patrol around the neighborhood.
警官在附近巡逻。
6. The bird's feather fell gently to the ground.
鸟羽轻柔地落到了地上。
7. She molded a beautiful sculpture out of clay.
她用黏土塑造了一个美丽的雕塑。
8. The coach tried to motivate the team before the big game.
教练试图在大赛前激励球队。
9. The tribe lived in harmony with nature.
部落与大自然和谐相处。
10. The mechanical toy robot moved across the floor.
机械玩具机器人在地板上移动。
11. The advertising campaign created a lot of hype around the new product.
广告宣传活动在新产品周围制造了很多炒作。
12. He was a member of a gang in his youth.
他年轻时是一个帮派的成员。
13. The editor had to abridge the novel to fit it into the magazine.
编辑不得不删节小说以适应杂志。
14. She put on her jammies and got ready for bed.
她穿上睡衣准备睡觉。
15. You ought to apologize for your mistake.
你应该为你的错误道歉。
16. The family continued to grieve the loss of their beloved pet.
这个家庭继续为失去他们心爱的宠物而悲伤。
17. She accidentally ripped her dress on a nail.
她不小心在钉子上撕破了她的裙子。
18. He tightened his belt around his waist.
他在腰间勒紧了皮带。
19. The performance was phenomenal, captivating the entire audience.
表演非常出色，吸引了整个观众。
20. She was born with blond hair.
她出生时就有金发。
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