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For two rational numbers, your task is to implement the basic arithmetics, that is, to calculate their sum, difference, product and quotient.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case, which gives in one line the two rational numbers in t

A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 0<N<100, the number of nodes

Stack is one of the most fundamental data structures, which is based on the principle of Last In First Out (LIFO). The basic operations include Push (inserting an element onto the top position) and Pop (deleting the top element). Now you are supposed to im

Consider a positive integer N written in standard notation with k+1 digits ai as ak⋯a1a0 with 0≤ai<10 for all i and ak>0. Then N is palindromic if and only if ai=ak−i for all i. Zero is written 0 and is also palindromic by definition.Non-palindromic

Mice and Rice is the name of a programming contest in which each programmer must write a piece of code to control the movements of a mouse in a given map. The goal of each mouse is to eat as much rice as possible in order to become a FatMouse.First the pl

Given a singly linked list, you are supposed to rearrange its elements so that all the negative values appear before all of the non-negatives, and all the values in [0, K] appear before all those greater than K. The order of the elements inside each class

Given a singly linked list L with integer keys, you are supposed to remove the nodes with duplicated absolute values of the keys. That is, for each value K, only the first node of which the value or absolute value of its key equals K will be kept. At the m

Given N rational numbers in the form numerator/denominator, you are supposed to calculate their sum.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a positive integer N (≤100), followed in the next line N rational number

A Digital Library contains millions of books, stored according to their titles, authors, key words of their abstracts, publishers, and published years. Each book is assigned an unique 7-digit number as its ID. Given any query from a reader, you are suppose

Given a pair of positive integers, for example, 6 and 110, can this equation 6 = 110 be true? The answer is yes, if 6 is a decimal number and 110 is a binary number.Now for any pair of positive integers N1 and N2, your task is to find the radix of one num

People on Mars count their numbers with base 13:Zero on Earth is called “tret” on Mars.The numbers 1 to 12 on Earth is called “jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jly, aug, sep, oct, nov, dec” on Mars, respectively.For the next higher digit, Mars people name

Suppose a bank has K windows open for service. There is a yellow line in front of the windows which devides the waiting area into two parts. All the customers have to wait in line behind the yellow line, until it is his/her turn to be served and there is a

A number that will be the same when it is written forwards or backwards is known as a Palindromic Number. For example, 1234321 is a palindromic number. All single digit numbers are palindromic numbers.Non-palindromic numbers can be paired with palindromic

People often have a preference among synonyms of the same word. For example, some may prefer “the police”, while others may prefer “the cops”. Analyzing such patterns can help to narrow down a speaker’s identity, which is useful when validating, for exampl

A linked list consists of a series of structures, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. We assume that each structure contains an integer key and a Next pointer to the next structure. Now given a linked list, you are supposed to sort the structures

Notice that the number 123456789 is a 9-digit number consisting exactly the numbers from 1 to 9, with no duplication. Double it we will obtain 246913578, which happens to be another 9-digit number consisting exactly the numbers from 1 to 9, only in a diffe

A reversible prime in any number system is a prime whose “reverse” in that number system is also a prime. For example in the decimal system 73 is a reversible prime because its reverse 37 is also a prime.Now given any two positive integers N (<105) and

Given a constant K and a singly linked list L, you are supposed to reverse the links of every K elements on L. For example, given L being 1→2→3→4→5→6, if K=3, then you must output 3→2→1→6→5→4; if K=4, you must output 4→3→2→1→5→6.Input Specification:Each

Cutting an integer means to cut a K digits lone integer Z into two integers of (K/2) digits long integers A and B. For example, after cutting Z = 167334, we have A = 167 and B = 334. It is interesting to see that Z can be devided by the product of A and B,

“Let’s C” is a popular and fun programming contest hosted by the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University. Since the idea of the contest is for fun, the award rules are funny as the following:0、 The Champion will receive a “Mystery

On a broken keyboard, some of the keys are always stucked. So when you type some sentences, the characters corresponding to those keys will appear repeatedly on screen for k times.Now given a resulting string on screen, you are supposed to list all the po

The basic task is simple: given N real numbers, you are supposed to calculate their average. But what makes it complicated is that some of the input numbers might not be legal. A legal input is a real number in [−1000,1000] and is accurate up to no more th

In computer science, a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is either greater than or equal to (in a max heap) or less than or equal to (in a min heap) t

In computer science, a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is either greater than or equal to (in a max heap) or less than or equal to (in a min heap) t

A registration card number of PAT consists of 4 parts:the 1st letter represents the test level, namely, T for the top level, A for advance and B for basic;the 2nd - 4th digits are the test site number, ranged from 101 to 999;the 5th - 10th digits give

In July 2004, Google posted on a giant billboard along Highway 101 in Silicon Valley (shown in the picture below) for recruitment. The content is super-simple, a URL consisting of the first 10-digit prime found in consecutive digits of the natural constant

Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the postorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree.Input Specification:Each input

To store English words, one method is to use linked lists and store a word letter by letter. To save some space, we may let the words share the same sublist if they share the same suffix. For example, and are stored as showed in Figure 1.loading beingFig

Given two sets of integers, the similarity of the sets is defined to be Nc/Nt×100%, where Nc is the number of distinct common numbers shared by the two sets, and Nt is the total number of distinct numbers in the two sets. Your job is to calculate the simil

Given any positive integer N, you are supposed to find all of its prime factors, and write them in the format N = p1k1×p2k2×⋯×pmkm.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case which gives a positive integer N in the range of long int.Outpu

Behind the scenes in the computer’s memory, color is always talked about as a series of 24 bits of information for each pixel. In an image, the color with the largest proportional area is called the dominant color. A strictly dominant color takes more than

Zhejiang University has 40,000 students and provides 2,500 courses. Now given the registered course list of each student, you are supposed to output the student name lists of all the courses.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. For

Zhejiang University has 40000 students and provides 2500 courses. Now given the student name lists of all the courses, you are supposed to output the registered course list for each student who comes for a query.Input Specification:Each input file contai

Given a sequence of positive numbers, a segment is defined to be a consecutive subsequence. For example, given the sequence { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }, we have 10 segments: (0.1) (0.1, 0.2) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4)

Given a collection of number segments, you are supposed to recover the smallest number from them. For example, given { 32, 321, 3214, 0229, 87 }, we can recover many numbers such like 32-321-3214-0229-87 or 0229-32-87-321-3214 with respect to different ord

For any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new number can be obtained by taking the second number from the first one. Repeat in this m

The string APPAPT contains two PAT's as substrings. The first one is formed by the 2nd, the 4th, and the 6th characters, and the second one is formed by the 3rd, the 4th, and the 6th characters.Now given any string, you are supposed to tell the number of

Zhejiang University has 8 campuses and a lot of gates. From each gate we can collect the in/out times and the plate numbers of the cars crossing the gate. Now with all the information available, you are supposed to tell, at any specific time point, the num

The “eight queens puzzle” is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. The eight queens puzzle is an examp

It is said that in 2011, there are about 100 graduate schools ready to proceed over 40,000 applications in Zhejiang Province. It would help a lot if you could write a program to automate the admission procedure.Each applicant will have to provide two grad