英语语法中的状语介绍

状语

状语是句子的一个重要修饰成分，是谓语里的另一个附加成分。从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰、限制、
作用：在句子中修饰和限定动词和形容词，有时候修饰整个句子。

状语存在的形式

1. 副词（adv.）
2. 现在分词（-ing）
3. 过去分词（-ed）
4. 动词不定式
5. 介词短语：介词+名词
6. 独立主格结构

副词（adv.）

~ly

1. The food is really tasty.
2. Admittedly , she is reliable.
3. It`s painfully apparent that she is a criminal.

现在分词

（-ing+名词/-ing+介词+名词/-ing+句子）【伴随状语】

1. Walking on the road, I talked with my friends. 【句首】
2. He looks through the files searching for answer. 【句末】
3. The people , carrying boards , waited outside. 【句中】

过去分词

-ed+名词 / -ed+介词+名词 / -ed+句子 / -ed+to do

1. Surrounded by the polices , the criminal told the truth.[方式，伴随]
2. Encouraged by the teacher , I was very happy.[原因：As I was encouraged]
3. Given more attention , the accident could have been avoided .[条件：if/once /unless]
4. Seen from the top of the hill, my house looks like a garden. [时间：when it is seen]

动词不定式

to do

1. To look at him, you could hardly help.[条件：句首 if you look at him]
2. I should be sorry to see such an accident.[条件： 句末 if I see such an accident]
3. I should be happy to be of any service to you.

介词+名词

1. I`ll go there with him.[条件]
2. I wish I would become a teacher in the future.[时间]
3. I expect their arrival for lunch.[目的]
4. According to the file, I trust him. [根据]
5. I go to work by foot. [方式]

独立主格结构

过去分词短语或现在分词短语前加上一个单独的名词

1. The policeman entered the dark room, gun in hand. [伴随(相当于并列句)]
2. Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.[时间状语]
3. There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.[原因状语]
4. Enough time given ,we`ll do the job better.[条件状语]
5. With the problem settled ,the computer restarted.[with+复合宾语]