pytorch系列------2 tensor基础

pytorch Tensor的基本用法

• Tensor的创建
• 索引，合并，切片
• 初始化
• 数学操作

1. Tensor的创建

1) 随机数字

torch.rand(*sizes, out=None) → Tensor
返回一个张量，包含了从区间[0, 1)的均匀分布中抽取的一组随机数。张量的形状由参数sizes定义

# torch.rand(sizes) -> [0,1)之间的均匀分布
x = torch.rand(2,3)
x

out:

0.9161 0.7135 0.8969
0.7552 0.8760 0.2236
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x3]

torch.randn(*sizes, out=None) → Tensor
返回一个张量，包含了从标准正态分布（均值为0，方差为1，即高斯白噪声）中抽取的一组随机数。张量的形状由参数sizes定义

# torch.randn(sizes) -> Z(0,1)
x = torch.randn(2,3)
x

out:

-1.9352 0.9779 1.7401
2.0432 -0.1962 -0.1177
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x3]

torch.randperm(n)
返回张量， 0~n之间的一个全排列

# torch.randperm(n) -> permutation of 0~n
x = torch.randperm(5)
x

out:

3
1
4
0
2
[torch.LongTensor of size 5]

2） zeros, ones, eye, arrange

torch.zeros(*sizes, out=None, dtype=None, layout=torch.strided, device=None, requires_grad=False) → Tensor

返回张量，用0填充，size有参数sizes确定

# torch.zeros(2,3) -> [[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]
x = torch.zeros(2,3)
x

out:

0 0 0
0 0 0
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x3]

torch.ones(*sizes, out=None, dtype=None, layout=torch.strided, device=None, requires_grad=False) → Tensor

返回张量，用1填充，size有参数sizes确定

# torch.ones(2,3) -> [[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]
x = torch.ones(2,3)
x

out:

1 1 1
1 1 1
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x3]

torch.arange(start=0, end, step=1, out=None, dtype=None, layout=torch.strided, device=None, requires_grad=False) → Tensor
返回一维张量，在[start, end)区间内，按step为间隔返回一个等差数列，
$$ou{t}_{i+1}=ou{t}_i+step$$

# torch.arange(start,end,step=1) -> [start,end) with step

y = torch.arange(1, 4)
x = torch.arange(0,3,step=0.5)
y
x

out:

tensor([ 1, 2, 3])
0.0000
0.5000
1.0000
1.5000
2.0000
2.5000
[torch.FloatTensor of size 6]

torch.eye(n, m=None, out=None, dtype=None, layout=torch.strided, device=None, requires_grad=False) → Tensor
返回二维对角矩阵张量，对角线上为1，其余为0

 torch.eye(3)

out:

tensor([[ 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1.]])

3) Tensor 数据类型

所有的数据类型都在这里
https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/tensors.html#torch-tensor
创建size为[2,3]的浮点数张量

# torch.FloatTensor(size or list)
x = torch.FloatTensor(2,3)
x

out:

-7.4341e-17 4.5629e-41 -7.4341e-17
4.5629e-41 -7.4342e-17 2.9427e-44
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x3]

创建数据为2,3的浮点数张量

# torch.FloatTensor(size or list)
x = torch.FloatTensor([2,3])
x

out:

2
3
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2]

转换为整型张量

# tensor.type_as(tensor_type)
x = x.type_as(torch.IntTensor())
x

out:

2
3
[torch.IntTensor of size 2]

4) Tensor 和 numpy的相互转换

从numpy转换为Tensor

import numpy as np

# torch.from_numpy(ndarray) -> tensor

x1 = np.ndarray(shape=(2,3), dtype=int,buffer=np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6