作用:
在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态.这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态.
UML结构图:
解析:
Memento模式中封装的是需要保存的状态,当需要恢复的时候才取出来进行恢复.原理很简单,实现的时候需要注意一个地方:窄接口和宽接口.所谓的宽接口就是一般意义上的接口,把对外的接口作为public成员;而窄接口反之,把接口作为private成员,而把需要访问这些接口函数的类作为这个类的友元类,也就是说接口只暴露给了对这些接口感兴趣的类,而不是暴露在外部.下面的实现就是窄实现的方法来实现的.
实现:
1)Memento.h
/**/
/********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.h
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
#ifndef MEMENTO_H
#define MEMENTO_H
#include < string >
typedef std:: string State;
class Memento;
class Originator
{
public:
Originator(const State& rState);
Originator();
~Originator();
Memento* CreateMemento();
void SetMemento(Memento* pMemento);
State GetState();
void SetState(const State& rState);
void RestoreState(Memento* pMemento);
void PrintState();
private:
State m_State;
} ;
// 把Memento的接口函数都设置为私有的,而Originator是它的友元,
// 这样保证了只有Originator可以对其访问
class Memento
{
private:
friend class Originator;
Memento(const State& rState);
void SetState(const State& rState);
State GetState();
State m_State;
} ;
#endif
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.h
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
#ifndef MEMENTO_H
#define MEMENTO_H
#include < string >
typedef std:: string State;
class Memento;
class Originator
{
public:
Originator(const State& rState);
Originator();
~Originator();
Memento* CreateMemento();
void SetMemento(Memento* pMemento);
State GetState();
void SetState(const State& rState);
void RestoreState(Memento* pMemento);
void PrintState();
private:
State m_State;
} ;
// 把Memento的接口函数都设置为私有的,而Originator是它的友元,
// 这样保证了只有Originator可以对其访问
class Memento
{
private:
friend class Originator;
Memento(const State& rState);
void SetState(const State& rState);
State GetState();
State m_State;
} ;
#endif
2)Memento.cpp
/**/
/********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
#include " Memento.h "
#include < iostream >
Originator::Originator()
{
}
Originator::Originator( const State & rState)
: m_State(rState)
{
}
Originator:: ~ Originator()
{
}
State Originator::GetState()
{
return m_State;
}
void Originator::SetState( const State & rState)
{
m_State = rState;
}
Memento * Originator::CreateMemento()
{
return new Memento(m_State);
}
void Originator::RestoreState(Memento * pMemento)
{
if (NULL != pMemento)
{
m_State = pMemento->GetState();
}
}
void Originator::PrintState()
{
std::cout << "State = " << m_State << std::endl;
}
Memento::Memento( const State & rState)
: m_State(rState)
{
}
State Memento::GetState()
{
return m_State;
}
void Memento::SetState( const State & rState)
{
m_State = rState;
}
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
#include " Memento.h "
#include < iostream >
Originator::Originator()
{
}
Originator::Originator( const State & rState)
: m_State(rState)
{
}
Originator:: ~ Originator()
{
}
State Originator::GetState()
{
return m_State;
}
void Originator::SetState( const State & rState)
{
m_State = rState;
}
Memento * Originator::CreateMemento()
{
return new Memento(m_State);
}
void Originator::RestoreState(Memento * pMemento)
{
if (NULL != pMemento)
{
m_State = pMemento->GetState();
}
}
void Originator::PrintState()
{
std::cout << "State = " << m_State << std::endl;
}
Memento::Memento( const State & rState)
: m_State(rState)
{
}
State Memento::GetState()
{
return m_State;
}
void Memento::SetState( const State & rState)
{
m_State = rState;
}
3)Main.cpp
/**/
/********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Main.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的测试代码
*********************************************************************/
#include " Memento.h "
int main()
{
// 创建一个原发器
Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
// 更改原发器的状态
pOriginator->SetState("new state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
pOriginator->PrintState();
delete pOriginator;
delete pMemento;
return 0;
}
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Main.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的测试代码
*********************************************************************/
#include " Memento.h "
int main()
{
// 创建一个原发器
Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
// 更改原发器的状态
pOriginator->SetState("new state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
pOriginator->PrintState();
delete pOriginator;
delete pMemento;
return 0;
}