CMMI 3.0的276条实践中英文对照

       CMMI 3.0在2023年4月6日发布了，包含了31个实践域，276条实践。31个域的中英文对照参考上一篇博客《CMMI 3.0 究竟包含了哪些实践域?》。本文试图把276条实践的中英文对照如下，有疏漏之处请各位指正。

实践编号	英文陈述	中文陈述
CAR 1.1	Identify and address causes of selected outcomes.	识别并处理选中现象的原因。
CAR 2.1	Select outcomes for analysis.	选择要分析的现象。
CAR 2.2	Analyze and address causes of outcomes.	分析并处理现象的原因。
CAR 3.1	Determine causes of selected outcomes by following an organizational process.	遵从组织级的过程确定选中现象的原因。
CAR 3.2	Propose actions to address identified causes.	提出行动建议以处理识别的原因。
CAR 3.3	Implement selected action proposals.	实施选中的行动建议。
CAR 3.4	Record causal analysis and resolution data.	记录原因分析和解决方案的数据。
CAR 3.5	Submit improvement proposals for changes proven to be effective.	为已经证明有效的变化提交改进建议。
CAR 4.1	Perform root cause analysis of selected outcomes using statistical and other quantitative techniques.	采用统计和其他量化技术对选中的现象执行根因分析。
CAR 4.2	Evaluate the effect of implemented actions on process performance using statistical and other quantitative techniques.	采用统计和其他量化技术评价实施的行动对过程性能的影响。
CAR 5.1	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to evaluate other solutions and processes to determine if the resolution should be applied to optimize performance across the organization.	使用统计与其他量化技术评价其他产品和过程，以确定是否应该用该解决方案优化整个组织的性能。
CM 1.1	Perform version control.	执行版本控制。
CM 2.1	Identify items to be placed under configuration management.	识别置于配置管理之下的配置项。
CM 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and use a configuration and change management system.	建立、使用配置和变更管理系统并保持更新。
CM 2.3	Develop or release baselines for internal use or for delivery to the customer.	建立或发布内部使用或交付给客户的基线。
CM 2.4	Manage changes to the items under configuration management.	管理配置项的变更。
CM 2.5	Develop, keep updated, and use records describing items under configuration management.	建立、使用描述了配置项的记录并保持更新。
CM 2.6	Perform configuration audits to maintain the integrity of configuration baselines, changes, and content of the configuration management system.	执行配置审计以维持配置基线、变更和配置管理系统内容的完整性。
CONT 1.1	Develop contingency approaches for managing significant disruptions to operations.	制定管理重大运营中断的应急方法。
CONT 2.1	Identify and prioritize functions essential for continuity.	识别对连续性至关重要的功能并确定其优先级。
CONT 2.2	Identify and prioritize resources essential for continuity.	识别对连续性至关重要的资源并确定其优先级。
CONT 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow continuity plans to resume performing essential functions.	制定、更新并遵循连续性计划，以恢复执行基本功能。
CONT 3.1	Develop and keep updated materials for continuity training.	开发持续性培训的资料并保持更新。
CONT 3.2	Provide and evaluate continuity training according to the plan.	对照计划提供并评价连续性培训。
CONT 3.3	Prepare, conduct, and analyze results from verification and validation of the continuity plan.	准备、实施针对连续性计划的验证与确认，并分析验证和确认的结果。
DM 1.1	Identify data management objectives.	识别数据管理目标。
DM 1.2	Use metadata to manage data.	使用元数据管理数据。
DM 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow a data management approach that is aligned to objectives.	开发、保持更新和遵从与目标一致的数据管理方法。
DM 2.2	Establish a data management architecture to support the data management approach.	建立数据管理架构以支持数据管理方法。
DM 3.1	Establish and deploy an organizational data management capability.	建立并部署组织级数据管理能力。
DM 3.2	Perform reviews periodically on the effectiveness of the organization‘s data management capability and take action on results.	周期性地评价组织级数据管理能力的有效性并对评价结果采取行动。
DQ 1.1	Identify data quality parameters.	识别数据质量参数。
DQ 1.2	Perform data cleansing activities.	执行数据清洗活动。
DQ 2.1	Define criteria for data cleansing.	定义数据清洗准则。
DQ 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and follow a data quality approach.	开发、保持更新和准从数据质量方法。
DQ 2.3	Perform data cleansing based on criteria and data quality approach.	基于准则和数据质量方法实施数据清洗。
DQ 3.1	Conduct data quality assessments.	执行数据质量评价。
DQ 3.2	Perform reviews periodically on the effectiveness of the organization's data quality activities and take action on results.	周期性地评价数据质量活动的有效性并对评价结果采取行动。
DAR 1.1	Define and record the alternatives.	定义并记录候选方案。
DAR 1.2	Make and record the decision.	做出决策并记录决策。
DAR 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and use rules to determine when to follow a recorded process for criteria-based decisions.	制定、保持更新并使用规则来决定何时遵从文档化的过程进行基于准则的决策。
DAR 2.2	Develop criteria for evaluating alternatives.	制定评价候选方案的准则。
DAR 2.3	Identify alternative solutions.	识别候选解决方案。
DAR 2.4	Select evaluation methods.	选择评价方法。
DAR 2.5	Evaluate and select solutions using criteria and methods.	使用准则和方法评价和选择解决方案。
DAR 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use a description of role-based decision authority.	制定、使用基于角色的决策授权描述并保持更新。
ESAF 1.1	Identify and record safety needs and hazards.	识别并记录人身安全需求和潜在危险。
ESAF 1.2	Address prioritized safety needs and hazards.	解决优先考虑的人身安全需求和潜在危险。
ESAF 2.1	Identify critical safety needs and constraints, keep them updated, and use to develop and keep safety objectives current.	确定关键的人身安全需求和限制条件，保持更新，并用于制定和保持最新的人身安全目标。
ESAF 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach to address workplace environment safety.	制定、保持更新并遵循解决工作场所环境人身安全问题的方法。
ESAF 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach to address functional safety for the solution.	开发、保持更新并遵循解决方案功能安全问题的方法。
ESAF 3.1	Establish and deploy an organizational safety capability.	建立和部署组织人身安全能力。
ESAF 3.2	Perform safety evaluations periodically and take action on results.	定期进行人身安全评估，并对结果采取行动。
ESAF 3.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow organizational safety control strategies.	制定、保持更新并遵循组织人身安全控制策略。
ESEC 1.1	Identify and record security needs and issues.	识别并记录信息安全需求和问题。
ESEC 1.2	Address prioritized security needs and issues.	处理排好优先级的信息安全需求和问题。
ESEC 2.1	Identify and record security needs, keep them updated, and use to develop a security approach and objectives.	识别和记录信息安全需求，保持更新，并用于制定信息信息安全方法和目标。
ESEC 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach to address physical security needs.	制定、保持更新并遵循满足物理信息安全需求的方法。
ESEC 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach to address mission, personnel, and process-related security needs.	制定、保持更新并遵循满足任务、人员和流程相关的信息安全需求的方法。
ESEC 2.4	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach to address cybersecurity needs.	制定、保持更新并遵循解决网络安全需求的方法。
ESEC 3.1	Establish and deploy an organizational security operations capability.	建立和部署组织信息安全运营能力。
ESEC 3.2	Develop, follow, and implement an organizational security strategy, approach, and architecture and keep them updated.	制定、遵循和实施组织信息安全战略、方法和体系结构，并不断更新。
ESEC 3.3	Periodically perform security reviews and evaluations throughout the organization and take action on results.	定期对整个组织进行信息安全审查和评估，并对结果采取行动。
EVW 1.1	Identify and record virtual work needs and constraints.	识别并记录远程工作需求和限制条件。
EVW 1.2	Perform virtual work.	执行远程工作。
EVW 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and use an approach to perform virtual work.	开发、保持更新并使用一种方法来执行远程工作。
EVW 2.2	Monitor the virtual work approach and take corrective action when needed.	监控远程工作方法，并在需要时采取纠正措施。
EVW 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use an organizational strategy, approach, and functional capability for performing virtual work.	开发、更新并使用组织战略、方法和功能来执行远程工作。
EVW 3.2	Perform reviews periodically on the effectiveness of the organization's virtual work approach and take action on results.	定期对组织的远程工作方法的有效性进行审查，并对结果采取行动。
EST 1.1	Develop high-level estimates to perform the work.	建立一个粗略的估算以开展工作。
EST 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and use the scope of what is being estimated.	建立、使用估算对象的范围并保持更新。
EST 2.2	Develop and keep updated estimates for the size of the solution.	建立解决方案的规模估算并保持更新。
EST 2.3	Based on size estimates, develop and record effort, duration, and cost estimates and their rationale for the solution.	基于规模估算，估计并记录解决方案的工作量、工期和成本，并记录估算的依据。
EST 3.1	Develop and keep updated a recorded estimation method.	制定文档化的估算方法并保持更新。
EST 3.2	Use the organizational measurement repository and process assets for estimating work.	使用组织级的度量库和过程资产来估算工作。
GOV 1.1	Senior management identifies what is important for doing the work and defines the approach needed to accomplish the objectives of the organization.	高级管理者识别开展工作的要点，并定义实现组织目标所需要的方法。
GOV 2.1	Senior management defines, keeps updated, and communicates organizational directives for process implementation and performance improvement based on organization needs and objectives.	基于组织的需要和目标，高级管理者定义、沟通过程实施和改进的组织级方针并保持更新。
GOV 2.2	Senior management provides funding, resources, and training for developing, supporting, performing, improving, and evaluating adherence to processes.	高级管理者提供了资源和培训，用于制定、支持、实施、改进过程以及评价与预期过程的符合性。
GOV 2.3	Senior management identifies their information needs and uses the collected information to provide governance and oversight of effective process implementation and performance improvement.	高级管理者识别他们的信息需要，并使用采集的信息来治理和监督过程实施和改进的有效性。
GOV 2.4	Senior management assigns authority and holds people accountable for adhering to organization directives and achieving process implementation and performance improvement objectives.	高级管理层为遵守组织指令、达成过程实施和性能改进目标分配权力并要求员工承担相应责任。
GOV 3.1	Senior management ensures that measures supporting objectives throughout the organization are collected, analyzed, and used.	高级管理者确保已收集、分析、使用了可支持组织目标达成的度量数据。
GOV 3.2	Senior management ensures that competencies and processes are aligned with the objectives of the organization.	高级管理者确保人员能力、过程与组织的目标保持一致。
GOV 4.1	Senior management verifies that selected decisions are driven by statistical and quantitative analysis related to performance and achievement of quality and process performance objectives.	高级管理者验证选中的决策是由对性能和QPPO的达成所做的统计和其他量化分析而驱动。
II 1.1	Perform processes that address the intent of the Level 1 practices.	执行了满足1级实践目的的过程。
II 2.1	Provide sufficient resources, funding, and training for developing and performing processes.	提供充足的资源、资金和培训来制定和执行过程。
II 2.2	Develop and keep processes updated, and verify they are being followed.	制定过程并保持更新，以及验证过程是否得到遵从。
II 3.1	Use organizational processes and process assets to plan, manage, and perform the work	使用组织级过程和过程资产来策划、管理和执行工作。
II 3.2	Evaluate the adherence to and effectiveness of the organizational processes.	评价对组织级过程的符合性和组织级过程的有效性。
II 3.3	Contribute process-related information or process assets to the organization.	向组织级贡献过程相关的信息或过程资产。
II 4.1	Develop the organizational capability to understand and apply statistical and other quantitative techniques to accomplish the work.	培养组织能力以理解并应用统计和其他量化技术来完成工作。
IRP 1.1	Record and resolve incidents.	记录并解决事故。
IRP 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach for incident resolution and prevention.	制定、保持更新并遵循事故解决和预防的措施。
IRP 2.2	Monitor and resolve each incident to closure.	监督并解决每个事故直至关闭。
IRP 2.3	Communicate incident status.	沟通事故状态。
IRP 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use an incident management system for processing and tracking incidents and their resolution.	制定、保持更新并使用事故管理系统以处理、跟踪事故及其解决。
IRP 3.2	Analyze selected incident and resolution data for prevention of future incidents.	分析选定的事故及其解决方案数据以预防未来的事故。
MPM 1.1	Collect measures and record performance.	采集度量数据，并记录性能。
MPM 1.2	Identify and address performance issues.	识别并处理性能问题。
MPM 2.1	Derive and record measurement and performance objectives from selected business needs and objectives and keep them updated.	从选中的商业需求和目标中，推导并记录度量和性能目标，并保持更新。
MPM 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and use operational definitions for measures.	制定、使用度量元的操作定义并保持更新。
MPM 2.3	Obtain specified measurement data according to the operational definitions.	依据操作定义获得指定的度量数据。
MPM 2.4	Analyze performance and measurement data according to the operational definitions.	依据操作定义分析性能和度量数据。
MPM 2.5	Store measurement data, measurement specifications, and analysis results according to the operational definitions.	依据操作定义存储度量数据、度量规格和分析结果。
MPM 2.6	Take actions to address identified issues with meeting measurement and performance objectives.	采取行动处理所识别的问题，以满足度量与性能目标。
MPM 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use the organization's measurement and performance objectives traceable to business objectives.	制定、使用可追溯到业务目标的组织级度量和性能目标并保持更新。
MPM 3.2	Follow organizational processes and standards to develop and use operational definitions for measures and keep them updated.	遵从组织级的过程和标准，制定并使用度量元的操作定义并保持更新。
MPM 3.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow a data quality process.	制定、遵从数据质量过程并保持更新。
MPM 3.4	Develop，keep update，and use the organization's measuresment repository.	建立、使用组织级度量库并保持更新。
MPM 3.5	Analyze organizational performance using measurement and performance data to determine and address performance improvement needs.	使用度量与性能数据，分析组织级性能以确定性能改进需求。
MPM 3.6	Periodically communicate performance results to the organization.	向组织周期性地沟通性能结果。
MPM 4.1	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to develop, keep updated, and communicate quality and process performance objectives that are traceable to business objectives.	使用统计和其他量化技术制定、沟通可以追溯到业务目标的质量和过程性能目标并保持更新。
MPM 4.2	Select measures and analytic techniques to quantitatively manage performance to achieve quality and process performance objectives.	选择度量元和分析技术，来定量管理性能以达成质量和过程性能目标。
MPM 4.3	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to develop and analyze process performance baselines and keep them updated.	使用统计和其他量化技术建立、使用过程性能基线并保持更新。
MPM 4.4	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to develop and analyze process performance models and keep them updated.	使用统计和其他量化技术建立、使用过程性能模型并保持更新。
MPM 4.5	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to determine or predict achievement of quality and process performance objectives.	使用统计和其他量化技术确定或预测质量和过程性能目标的达成。
MPM 5.1	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to ensure that business objectives are aligned with business strategy to optimize performance.	使用统计和其他量化技术确保业务目标与商业战略和性能协调一致。
MPM 5.2	Analyze performance data using statistical and other quantitative techniques to determine the organization's ability to satisfy selected business objectives and identify potential areas for optimizing performance.	使用统计和其他量化技术，分析性能数据以确定组织满足选中的业务目标的能力，并识别潜在的性能改进领域。
MPM 5.3	Select and implement improvement proposals based on the statistical and quantitative analysis of the expected effect of proposed improvements on meeting and optimizing business, quality, and process performance objectives.	基于对满足业务目标、质量目标和过程性能目标的改进建议的期望效果的统计和量化分析，选择和实施改进建议。
MST 1.1	Identify and record security threats and vulnerabilities.	识别并记录信息安全威胁与漏洞。
MST 1.2	Take actions to address security threats and vulnerabilities.	采取措施处理信息安全威胁与漏洞。
MST 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach for handling security threats and vulnerabilities.	开发、保持更新、并遵从处理信息安全威胁与漏洞的方法。
MST 2.2	Develop and keep updated criteria to evaluate security threats and vulnerabilities.	开发、保持更新信息安全威胁与漏洞的评价准则。
MST 2.3	Use recorded criteria to prioritize, monitor, and address the most critical security threats and vulnerabilities that arise during operations.	使用文档化的准则对生产运行中产生的最严重的信息安全威胁与漏洞排优先级，并监督和处理之。
MST 2.4	Evaluate and report the effectiveness of the approach and actions taken to address critical security threats and vulnerabilities to the solution.	评价和报告严重信息安全威胁与漏洞的应对措施、行动的有效性。
MST 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow an organizational security strategy, approach, and architecture to evaluate, manage, and verify threats and vulnerabilities.	开发、保持更新并遵循组织信息安全战略、方法和体系结构，以评估、管理和验证威胁和漏洞。
MST 3.2	Analyze security verification and validation results to ensure accuracy, comparability, consistency, and validity across the organization.	分析信息安全验证和确认结果，以确保在整个组织内的准确性、可比性、一致性和有效性。
MST 3.3	Evaluate effectiveness of the organizational security strategy, approach, and architecture for addressing security threats and vulnerabilities.	评估组织安全战略、方法和架构的有效性，以应对安全威胁和漏洞。
MST 4.1	Employ threat intelligence analysis to develop and improve the solution security approach and architecture, and to select security solutions to address threats and vulnerabilities, using statistical and other quantitative techniques.	利用威胁情报分析来开发和改进解决方案的信息安全方法和架构，并使用统计和其他定量技术选择信息安全解决方案来解决威胁和漏洞。
MC 1.1	Record task completions.	记录任务完成情况。
MC 1.2	Identify and resolve issues.	识别并解决问题。
MC 2.1	Track actual results against estimates for size, effort, schedule, resources, knowledge and skills, and budget.	对照规模、工作量、进度、资源、知识技能和预算的估计结果跟踪实际结果。
MC 2.2	Track the involvement of identified stakeholders and commitments.	跟踪已识别的干系人的参与和承诺。
MC 2.3	Monitor the transition to operations and support.	监督向运维和支持的移交。
MC 2.4	Take corrective actions when actual results differ significantly from planned results and manage to closure.	当实际结果与计划的结果有显著偏离时，采取纠正措施并管理至关闭。
MC 3.1	Manage the project using the project plan and the project process.	使用项目计划和项目过程管理项目。
MC 3.2	Manage critical dependencies and activities.	管理关键依赖和活动。
MC 3.3	Monitor the work environment to identify issues.	监督工作环境以识别问题。
MC 3.4	Manage and resolve issues with affected stakeholders.	和受影响的干系人一起管理和解决问题。
OT 1.1	Train people.	培训人员。
OT 2.1	Identify training needs.	识别培训需要。
OT 2.2	Train personnel and keep records.	培训人员并保存记录。
OT 3.1	Develop and keep updated the organization's strategic and short-term training needs.	制定组织级的战略和短期培训需要并保持更新。
OT 3.2	Coordinate training needs and delivery between the projects and the organization.	在项目和组织之间协调培训需要并组织培训。
OT 3.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow organizational strategic and short-term training plans.	制定、遵从组织级战略和短期培训计划并保持更新。
OT 3.4	Develop, keep updated, and use a training capability to address organizational training needs.	开发、使用培训能力以处理组织级培训需要并保持更新。
OT 3.5	Assess and report the effectiveness of the organization's training program.	评估组织级培训计划的有效性。
OT 3.6	Record, keep updated, and use the set of organizational training records.	记录、使用组织级培训记录集并保持更新。
PR 1.1	Perform reviews of work products and record issues.	评审工作产品并记录问题。
PR 2.1	Develop and keep updated procedures and supporting materials used to prepare for and perform peer reviews.	制定用以准备和执行同行评审的规程和支持材料并保持更新。
PR 2.2	Select work products to be peer reviewed.	选择待同行评审的工作产品。
PR 2.3	Prepare and perform peer reviews on selected work products using established procedures.	使用已建立的规程，对选中的工作产品准备和执行同行评审。
PR 2.4	Resolve issues identified in peer reviews.	解决同行评审中发现的问题。
PR 3.1	Analyze results and data from peer reviews.	分析同行评审的结果和数据。
PLAN 1.1	Develop a list of tasks.	制定任务列表。
PLAN 1.2	Assign people to tasks.	为任务分配人员。
PLAN 2.1	Develop and keep updated the approach for accomplishing the work.	制定完成工作的方法并保持更新。
PLAN 2.2	Plan for the knowledge and skills needed to perform the work.	策划执行工作需要的知识和技能。
PLAN 2.3	Based on recorded estimates, develop, and keep the budget and schedule updated.	基于文档化的估算，制定预算和进度表并保持更新。
PLAN 2.4	Plan the involvement of identified stakeholders.	策划所识别的干系人的参与。
PLAN 2.5	Plan transition to operations and support.	策划向运维和支持的移交。
PLAN 2.6	Ensure plans are feasible by reconciling estimates against capacity and availability of resources.	通过协调可用的和估计的资源，确保计划可行。
PLAN 2.7	Develop the project plan, ensure consistency among its elements, and keep it updated.	制定工作计划，确保其元素之间的一致性，并保持更新。
PLAN 2.8	Review plans and obtain commitments from affected stakeholders.	评审计划并获得受影响的干系人的承诺。
PLAN 3.1	Use the organization's  set of standard processes and tailoring guidelines  to develop, keep updated, and follow the project process.	使用组织级的标准过程和裁剪指南，制定、保持更新并遵从项目过程。
PLAN 3.2	Develop a plan and keep it updated using the project process, the organization's process assets,and the measurement repository.	采用项目过程、组织过程资产和度量库制定计划并保持更新。
PLAN 3.3	Identify and negotiate critical dependencies.	识别并协商关键依赖。
PLAN 3.4	Plan for the project environment and keep it updated based on the organization's standards.	基于组织级的标准，策划项目环境并保持更新。
PLAN 4.1	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to develop and keep the project processes updated to enable achievement of the quality and process performance objectives.	使用统计和其他量化技术，开发项目的过程并保持更新，以促使质量和过程性能目标的达成。
PAD 1.1	Develop process assets to perform the work.	开发过程资产以执行工作。
PAD 2.1	Determine what process assets will be needed to perform the work.	确定哪些过程资产是完成工作所必须的。
PAD 2.2	Develop, buy, or reuse process assets.	开发、购买、复用过程和资产。
PAD 2.3	Make processes and assets available.	确保过程和资产可获得。
PAD 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow a strategy for building and updating process assets.	制定、遵从创建和更新过程资产的策略并保持更新。
PAD 3.2	Develop, record, and keep updated a process architecture that describes the structure of the organization's process assets.	建立、记录和保持更新过程架构以描述组织过程和过程资产的结构。
PAD 3.3	Develop, keep updated, and make the organization's  processes and assets available for use in a process asset library.	开发、保持更新并使PAL中的组织过程和资产可用。
PAD 3.4	Develop, keep updated, and use tailoring criteria and guidelines for the set of standard processes and assets.	制定、使用标准过程集和资产的裁剪准则和指南并保持更新。
PAD 3.5	Develop, keep updated, and make work environment standards available for use.	制定、保持更新工作环境标准并确保其可用。
PAD 3.6	Develop, keep updated, and make organizational measurement and analysis standards available for use.	制定、保持更新组织级度量元和分析标准并确保其可用。
PCM 1.1	Develop a support structure to provide process guidance, identify and fix process problems, and continuously improve processes.	建立支撑体系以提供过程指导、识别并修复过程问题、持续改进过程。
PCM 1.2	Appraise the current process implementation and identify strengths and weaknesses.	评估当前的过程实施状况并识别强项和弱项。
PCM 1.3	Address improvement opportunities or process issues.	处理改进机会或过程问题。
PCM 2.1	Identify improvements to the processes and process assets.	识别对过程和过程资产的改进点。
PCM 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and follow plans for implementing selected process improvements.	为实施选中的过程改进，制定、遵从计划并保持更新。
PCM 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use process improvement objectives traceable to the business objectives.	建立、使用可追溯到业务目标的过程改进目标并保持更新。
PCM 3.2	Identify processes that are the largest contributors to meeting business objectives.	识别对满足业务目标贡献最大的过程。
PCM 3.3	Explore and evaluate potential new processes, techniques, methods, and tools to identify improvement opportunities.	探索和评价潜在的新过程、技术、方法和工具以识别改进机会。
PCM 3.4	Provide support for implementing, deploying, and sustaining process improvements.	为实施、部署和维持过程改进提供支持。
PCM 3.5	Deploy organizational standard processes and process assets.	部署组织标准过程和过程资产。
PCM 3.6	Evaluate and report the effectiveness of deployed improvements in achieving process improvement objectives.	评价并报告已部署的改进措施在达成过程改进目标方面的有效性。
PCM 4.1	Use statistical and other quantitative techniques to validate selected performance improvements against proposed improvement expectations, business objectives, or quality and process performance objectives.	对照建议的改进预期、业务目标、或质量和过程性能目标，采用统计和其他量化技术，确认选中的性能改进。
PQA 1.1	Identify and address process and work product issues.	识别和处理过程和工作产品的问题。
PQA 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow a quality assurance approach and plan based on historical quality data.	基于历史的质量数据，制定、遵从质量保证方法和计划并保持更新。
PQA 2.2	Objectively evaluate selected performed processes and work products against the recorded process and applicable standards.	对照文档化的过程和适用的标准客观评价选中的、已执行的过程和工作产品。
PQA 2.3	Communicate quality and non-compliance issues and ensure their resolution.	交流质量问题和不符合问题并确保它们得到解决。
PQA 2.4	Record and use results of quality assurance activities.	记录并使用质量保证活动的结果。
PQA 3.1	Identify and record opportunities for improvement during quality assurance activities.	在质量保证活动期间，识别和记录改进机会。
PI 1.1	Assemble solutions and deliver to the customer.	组装解决方案并交付给客户。
PI 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and follow an integration strategy.	制定、遵从集成策略并保持更新。
PI 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and use the integration environment.	建立、使用集成环境并保持更新。
PI 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow procedures and criteria for integrating solutions and components.	制定、遵从用于集成解决方案和部件的规程和准则并保持更新。
PI 2.4	Confirm, prior to integration, that each component has been properly identified and operates according to its requirements and design.	在组装之前，确认每个部件都已被正确地标示并能按照其需求和设计正常工作。
PI 2.5	Evaluate integrated components to ensure conformance to the solution’s requirements and design.	评价组装好的部件以确保与解决方案的需求和设计保持一致。
PI 2.6	Integrate solutions and components according to the integration strategy.	依据集成策略组装解决方案和部件。
PI 3.1	Review and keep updated interface or connection descriptions for coverage, completeness, and consistency throughout the solution’s life.	在解决方案的全生命周期内，评审接口或连接的描述并保持更新，以确保覆盖率、完备性和一致性。
PI 3.2	Confirm, prior to integration, that component interfaces or connections comply with interface or connection descriptions.	在组装之前，确认部件接口或连接与其描述一致。
PI 3.3	Evaluate integrated components for interface or connection compatibility.	评价组装后的部件，以确保接口或连接的兼容性。
RDM 1.1	Record requirements.	记录需求。
RDM 2.1	Elicit stakeholder needs, expectations, constraints, and interfaces or connections, and confirm understanding of requirements.	引导干系人的需要、期望、约束、接口或连接，并确认对需求的理解。
RDM 2.2	Transform stakeholder needs, expectations, constraints, and interfaces or connections into prioritized customer requirements.	转换干系人的需要、期望、约束、接口或连接为排列了优先级的客户需求。
RDM 2.3	Obtain commitment from project participants that they can implement the requirements.	从项目的参与者处获得他们对需求可实现的承诺。
RDM 2.4	Develop, record, and keep updated bidirectional traceability among requirements and activities or work products.	建立、记录、保持更新需求与活动或工作产品之间的双向可跟踪性。
RDM 2.5	Ensure that plans and activities or work products remain consistent with requirements.	确保计划与活动或工作产品与需求保持一致。
RDM 3.1	Develop and keep requirements updated for the solution and its components.	开发解决方案及其构件的需求并保持更新。
RDM 3.2	Develop operational concepts and scenarios.	定义操作概念和场景。
RDM 3.3	Allocate the requirements to be implemented.	分配待实现的需求。
RDM 3.4	Identify, develop, and keep updated interface or connection requirements.	识别、定义、保持更新接口或连接需求。
RDM 3.5	Ensure that requirements are necessary and sufficient.	确保需求是必要的和充分的。
RDM 3.6	Balance stakeholder needs and constraints.	平衡干系人的需要和约束。
RDM 3.7	Validate requirements to ensure the resulting solution will perform as intended in the target environment.	确认需求以确保最终的解决方案可以在目标环境中按照预期运行。
RSK 1.1	Identify and record risks or opportunities and keep them updated.	识别、记录风险或机会，并保持更新。
RSK 2.1	Analyze identified risks or opportunities.	分析所识别的风险或机会。
RSK 2.2	Monitor identified risks or opportunities and communicate status to affected stakeholders.	监督识别的风险或机会并和受影响的干系人沟通状态。
RSK 3.1	Identify and use risk or opportunity categories.	识别并使用风险或机会的类别。
RSK 3.2	Define and use parameters for risk or opportunity analysis and handling.	为风险或机会的分析和处理，定义和使用参数。
RSK 3.3	Develop and keep updated a risk or opportunity management strategy.	制定风险或机会管理策略并保持更新。
RSK 3.4	Develop and keep updated risk or opportunity management plans.	制定风险或机会管理计划并保持更新。
RSK 3.5	Manage risks or opportunities by implementing planned risk or opportunity management activities.	通过实施已计划的风险或机会管理活动来管理风险或机会。
SDM 1.1	Use the service system to deliver services.	使用服务系统来交付服务。
SDM 2.1	Develop, record, keep updated, and follow service agreements.	制定、记录、保持更新并遵循服务协议。
SDM 2.2	Receive and process service requests in accordance with service agreements.	根据服务协议接收、处理服务请求。
SDM 2.3	Deliver services in accordance with service agreements.	根据服务协议交付服务。
SDM 2.4	Analyze existing service agreements and service data to prepare for updated or new agreements.	分析现有的服务协议和服务数据，为更新协议或制定新的协议做准备。
SDM 2.5	Develop, record, keep updated, and follow the approach for operating and changing the service system.	制定、记录、保持更新，并遵循操作和更改服务系统的方法。
SDM 2.6	Confirm the readiness of the service system to support the delivery of services.	确认服务系统准备就绪，以支持服务的交付。
SDM 3.1	Develop, record, keep updated, and use organizational standard service systems and agreements.	制定、记录、保持更新和使用组织标准服务系统和协议。
STSM 1.1	Develop a list of current services.	制定当前服务的列表。
STSM 2.1	Develop, keep updated, and use descriptions of current services.	制定、保持更新、使用当前服务的描述。
STSM 2.2	Collect, record, and analyze data about strategic needs and capabilities for service delivery.	收集、记录并分析关于战略需求和服务交付能力有关的数据。
STSM 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow an approach for providing new or changed services derived from strategic needs and capabilities.	开发、保持更新、并遵从源自战略需求和能力的可以提供新服务或升级服务的方法。
STSM 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use the set of organizational standard services and service levels.	制定、保持更新，并使用组织级标准服务和服务水平。
SAM 1.1	Identify, evaluate, and select suppliers.	识别、评价和选择供应商。
SAM 1.2	Develop and record the supplier agreement.	制定并文档化供应商协议。
SAM 1.3	Accept or reject the supplier deliverables.	接受或拒绝供应商交付物。
SAM 1.4	Process supplier invoices.	处理供应商发票。
SAM 2.1	Identify evaluation criteria, potential suppliers, and distribute supplier requests.	识别评价准则、潜在供应商并发布采购要求。
SAM 2.2	Evaluate supplier responses according to recorded evaluation criteria and select suppliers.	对照文档化的评价准则评价供应商的响应并选择供应商。
SAM 2.3	Manage supplier activities as specified in the supplier agreement and keep agreement updated.	对照供应商协议管理供应商的活动并对协议保持更新。
SAM 2.4	Verify that the supplier agreement is satisfied before accepting the acquired supplier deliverable.	在接受采购的供应商交付物之前验证供应商协议得到了满足。
SAM 2.5	Manage invoices submitted by the supplier according to the supplier agreements.	根据供应商协议，管理供应商提供的发票。
SAM 3.1	Conduct technical reviews of supplier performance activities and selected deliverables.	对供应商的性能活动和选中的交付物执行技术评审。
SAM 3.2	Manage supplier performance and processes based on criteria in the supplier agreement.	基于供应商协议中定义的准则管理供应商的性能和过程。
SAM 4.1	Select measures and apply analytical techniques to quantitatively manage suppliers against their performance targets.	对照供应商的性能目标，选择度量元并使用分析技术量化管理供应商。
TS 1.1	Build a solution to meet requirements.	构建满足需求的解决方案。
TS 2.1	Design and build a solution to meet requirements.	设计和构建满足需求的解决方案。
TS 2.2	Evaluate the design and address identified issues.	评价设计并处理识别的问题。
TS 2.3	Provide guidance on use of the solution.	提供解决方案的使用指南。
TS 3.1	Develop criteria for design decisions.	制定设计决策的准则。
TS 3.2	Develop alternative solutions for selected components.	对选中的构件制定候选解决方案。
TS 3.3	Perform a build, buy, or reuse analysis.	执行构建、购买或复用分析。
TS 3.4	Select solutions based on design criteria.	基于设计准则选择解决方案。
TS 3.5	Develop, keep updated, and use information needed to implement the design.	制定、使用实现设计所需的信息并保持更新。
TS 3.6	Design solution interfaces or connections using established criteria.	使用已建立的准则设计解决方案的接口或连接。
VV 1.1	Perform verification to ensure the requirements are implemented and record and communicate results.	执行验证以确保需求得到实现并记录和沟通验证结果。
VV 1.2	Perform validation to ensure the solution will function as intended in its target environment and record and communicate results.	执行确认以确保解决方案在目标环境中能发挥预期的作用，并记录和沟通结果。
VV 2.1	Select components and methods for verification and validation.	选择验证和确认的部件和方法。
VV 2.2	Develop, keep updated, and use the environment needed to support verification and validation.	建立、使用支持验证和确认的环境并保持更新。
VV 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and follow procedures for verification and validation.	制定、保持更新和遵从验证和确认的规程。
VV 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use criteria for verification and validation.	制定、使用验证和确认的准则并保持更新。
VV 3.2	Analyze and communicate verification and validation results.	分析和交流验证和确认的结果。
WE 1.1	Identify and allocate commitments to workgroups.	识别并分配对工作组的职责。
WE 2.1	Record and allocate work assignments and keep them updated based on an assessment of qualifications, skills, and related criteria.	根据资格、技能和相关准则的评估结果，记录、分配、保持更新任务安排。
WE 2.2	Manage the transition of individuals in and out of roles and workgroups.	管理角色和工作组中的人员进出变动。
WE 2.3	Develop, keep updated, and use communication and coordination mechanisms within and across workgroups.	开发、保持更新和使用工作组内部和跨工作组的沟通和协调机制。
WE 3.1	Develop, keep updated, and use workforce competencies to build organizational capabilities and achieve objectives.	开发、保持更新和利用员工胜任力来建立组织级能力并实现目标。
WE 3.2	Develop, keep updated, and use an organizational structure and approach to empower workgroups.	定义、保持更新并使用组织结构和方法来授权工作组。
WE 3.3	Develop, keep updated, and use organizational compensation strategies and mechanisms.	制定、保持更新和使用组织薪酬策略和机制。