STL中的back()&&end()||front()&&begin()辨析

vector中的back()&&end()、front()&&begin()辨析

目录

back()函数

reference back ( );
const_reference back ( ) const;

返回值
Returns a reference to the last element in the vector container.
返回在vector末尾元素的引用

end()函数

iterator end ();
const_iterator end () const;

返回值
Returns an iterator referring to the past-the-end element in the vector container.
返回vector尾部元素的迭代器

back() && end()

vector::back, this function returns a direct reference；vector::end, which returns an iterator just past this element(end返回的迭代器在最后一个元素的后面)。

/*
* C/C++ 语言
*
* @author Erice_s
* @date 2017/10/31
* binbin_Erices@163.com
*
*/
// vector::end
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  vector<int> myvector;
  for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) myvector.insert(myvector.end(),i);

  cout << "myvector contains:";
  vector<int>::iterator it;
  for ( it=myvector.begin() ; it < myvector.end(); it++ )
    cout << " " << *it;

  cout << endl;

  return 0;
}

front函数

reference front ( );
const_reference front ( ) const;

返回值
Returns a reference to the first element in the vector container.

begin函数

iterator begin ();
const_iterator begin () const;

返回值
Returns an iterator referring to the first element in the vector container

看一个例子

/*
* C/C++ 语言
*
* @author Erice_s
* @date 2017/10/31
* binbin_Erices@163.com
*
*/
// vector::begin front
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    vector<int> myvector;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) myvector.push_back(i);

    vector<int>::iterator it;

    cout << "myvector contains:";
    for_each(myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), [](int a){cout << a << " "; });
    //lambda表达式[函数对象参数](操作符重载函数参数)mutable或exception声明->返回值类型{函数体}


    myvector.push_back(77);
    myvector.push_back(16);

    // now front equals 1, and back 16

    myvector.front() -= myvector.back();

    cout << " myvector.front() is now " << myvector.front() << endl;
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}
//myvector contains: 1 2 3 4 5 myvector.front() is now -15

上面的代码是OK的，如果把myvector.front() -= myvector.back();
换成myvector.begin() -= myvector.back();效果如下：

小结

其实要分清end&&back，front&&begin很简单——end，begin返回的是一个迭代器；而back和front返回的是容器元素的引用。

迭代器：迭代器是指针的泛化
迭代器本身是一个对象，指向另一个可以被迭代的对象，用来迭代一组对象。即若迭代器指向一组对象中的某个元素，则通过increment以后它就可以指向这组对象中的下一个元素。