Spring笔记(二）依赖注入

在写代码的时候，项目中的Service层调用Dao层的时候，肯定会有依赖的情况，如果正常的在各自层写相应的代码，再在.xml文件中配置注入各自的对象，这样做代码的耦合性可能会很高：如下面所示

//Dao层的代码
package com.fxy.Dao.Impl;

import com.fxy.Dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Override
    public void userSave() {
        System.out.println("userSave add......");
    }
}

//Service层代码
package com.fxy.Service.Impl;

import com.fxy.Dao.UserDao;
import com.fxy.Service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public void serviceSave() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserDao userDao = context.getBean("userDao", UserDao.class);
        userDao.userSave();

    }
}

//Xml文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.fxy.Dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.fxy.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">

    </bean>


</beans>

由于目前没有学到SpringMvc 所以，用测试文件当作最后的调用：

package com.fxy.test;

import com.fxy.Service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


public class test1 {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
        userService.serviceSave();

    }
}

从上述的代码，可以看出每个调用的类从容器中各自拿去相应的对象实例：

（此图转自黑马程序员的课程图片) 

此时的话，两个层的依赖关系会比较高，因为在项目中获取service层的操作时，不管Dao层的内部是如何获取的，我们只关心Service层业务逻辑，所以此时可以通过在spring容器内部的方式，把Dao注入到Service中即可，也就是说把创建对象的方法交给Spring就OK。

那么此时就有几种方法来解决上述的问题：

1.set方法

此时service层代码需要改变如下：

package com.fxy.Service.Impl;

import com.fxy.Dao.UserDao;
import com.fxy.Service.UserService;


public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void serviceSave() {
        userDao.userSave();
    }
}

.xml文件同样也要配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.fxy.Dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.fxy.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>


</beans>

2.构造器构造

同样service层要改变：

package com.fxy.Service.Impl;

import com.fxy.Dao.UserDao;
import com.fxy.Service.UserService;


public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public UserServiceImpl() {
    }

    @Override
    public void serviceSave() {
        userDao.userSave();
    }
}

.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.fxy.Dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.fxy.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

3.依赖注入的数据类型

   1）普通数据的注入：

//xml文件
<bean id="userService" class="com.fxy.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="name" value="fxy"></property>
    </bean>

package com.fxy.Service.Impl;

import com.fxy.Service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private String name;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    

    @Override
    public void serviceSave() {
        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

2）集合以map为例（map中带有对象引用）

user对象在entity包中创建

import com.fxy.entity.User;

import java.util.Map;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    private Map<String,User> map;

    public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
        this.map = map;
    }

    @Override
    public void userSave() {
       System.out.println(map);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="u1" class="com.fxy.entity.User"/>
    <bean id="u2" class="com.fxy.entity.User"/>

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.fxy.Dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <entry key="user1" value-ref="u1"/>
                <entry key="user2" value-ref="u2"/>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

最后，由于实际的项目中，不可能只在一个XML文件中配置，所以我们需要用XML文件配置：