【Javascript】Day1：Javascript Fundamentals

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已于 2023-01-31 20:51:33 修改

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文章标签： javascript 前端开发语言

于 2023-01-31 20:48:46 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fanqiezml/article/details/128820393

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Hello World！

Chrome (brower) developer tools

Ctrl+Shift+J → Console
右键+检查 → Element

A Brief Introduction to Javascript

What is Javascript?

JS定义与解释
multi-paradigm: such as imperative and declarative programming 命令式和声明式编程

The role of JS in web development

Web三组件
HTML（结构）、CSS（表现）、Javascript（行为）

Javascript can do anything!

没有很懂，后续搞懂

Javascript Releases

JS版本

Link A Javascript File

外部引入JS文件

新建JS文件
HTML文件中引入
在body标签内的底部，链接上JS脚本

<body>
  <h1>JavaScript Fundamentals – Part 1</h1>
  <script src="script.js"></script>
</body>

Values And Variables

declare the variable with the value

let firstName = "Xu";

variable like a box that can contain everything

conventions and rules for naming variables

camelCase;

let firstName = "Jonas";
let first_name_person = "Jonas";    //also right

not start with a number;

let 3years = 3;     //wrong

报错信息（without use of console.log )
语法错误提示

only contain numbers, letters, underscores, or the dollar sign ($);
not use a JS keyword as a variable name;

let new = 27;     //wrong
let function = 88;     //wrong
let _function = 88;     //right

报错信息
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特殊情况

let name = "jonas"   //不会报错，但不符合惯例

not start a variable name with an uppercase letter;

let Person = "jonas";     //legal but not conventional

以大写字母开头的名称用于面向对象编程

a constant in all upper case;
永远不会改变的常量

let PI = 3.1415;

descriptive naming

//easy to understand
let myFirstJob = "Programmer”;
let myCurrentJob = "Teacher”;

let job1 = "Programmer”
let job2 = "Teacher”;

Data Types

Object and Primitives

对象与初始值

The 7 Primitive Data Types

数据类型
code comment

//单行注释 Ctrl+/

/* 
    多行注释
*/

boolean

let javaScriptIsFun = true;
console.log(javaScriptIsFun);

//typeof: a special operator, show the type of value
console.log(typeof true);
console.log(typeof javaScriptIsFun);

boolean值

string
use quotes to create a string, or this’s just a variable.
dynamic typing
let (keyword): the first time we declare a new variable

let javaScriptIsFun = true;
console.log(javaScriptIsFun);
console.log(typeof javaScriptIsFun);

javaScriptIsFun = 'YES!';
console.log(javaScriptIsFun);
console.log(typeof javaScriptIsFun);

undefined & null

let year;
console.log(year);
console.log(typeof year);

year = 1991;
console.log(year);
console.log(typeof year);

console.log(typeof null);

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let, const and var

three ways of declaring variables

let

let age = 30;
//reassign a value to a variable, or mutate the age variable
age = 31;

//
let year;
year = 1991；

const

an immutable variable

//the value in a const variable cannot be changed
const birthYear = 1991;
birthYear = 1990; //wrong1

//cannot declare empty const variables
const job;  //wrong2

wrong1

wrong2

var

var job = 'programmer';
job = 'teacher';

difference: let is block-scoped, var is function-scoped

not declaring

//doesn't create a variable in the current so-called scope
//js will create a property on global object
lastName = 'Xu';
console.log(lastName);

it can present the result, but don’t use this way
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Notes

Just use let and const to declare variables. If you need to change the value in the variable, use let to declare. Otherwise use const.