PyQT5之QMainWindow(一)

1.主窗口关闭

# --*-- coding:UTF-8 --*--

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QDesktopWidget,QPushButton

#定义一个类,继承QMainWindow 类
class gMainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        #初始化继承类QMainWindow
        super(gMainWindow, self).__init__()
        self.resize(400,300)
        #状态栏
        status = self.statusBar()
        status.showMessage("this is the status bar!")
        self.setWindowTitle("mainwidown")
        #主窗口居中显示
        self.setcenter()
        #在QMainWindow创建一个按钮
        closeButton = QPushButton("close",self)
        #将clicked信号号与槽函数self.close绑定,实现按下按钮后关闭主窗口
        closeButton.clicked.connect(self.close)

    def setcenter(self):
        #获取电脑屏幕的大小
        screenSize = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        #获取mainwindow的大小
        mainwidownSize = self.geometry()
        #移动窗口到电脑屏幕的中央位置
        centerPos=self.move(int((screenSize.width()-mainwidownSize.width())/2),int((screenSize.height()-mainwidownSize.height())/2))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainwidown = gMainWindow()
    mainwidown.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

 

2. 主窗口创建File/Edit/Help菜单
创建菜单栏方法menuBar.addMenu

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QKeySequence
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QAction, QActionGroup, QApplication, QFrame,
                             QLabel, QMainWindow, QMenu, QMessageBox, QSizePolicy,QVBoxLayout,QWidget)


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        #继承QMainWindow类
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
       
        widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        topFiller = QWidget()
        topFiller.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)

        bottomFiller = QWidget()
        bottomFiller.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
        vbox.addWidget(topFiller)
        vbox.addWidget(bottomFiller)
        widget.setLayout(vbox)

        self.createMenus()

        message = "A context menu is available"
        self.statusBar().showMessage(message)
        self.setWindowTitle("Menus")
        self.setMinimumSize(160, 160)
        self.resize(480, 320)

   def createMenus(self):
        #创建菜单栏
        self.fileMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&File")
        self.editMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&Edit")
        self.helpMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&Help")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

效果:

3.给Menu菜单栏添加Action动作
通过QAction来添加New
 

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QKeySequence
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QAction, QActionGroup, QApplication, QFrame,
                             QLabel, QMainWindow, QMenu, QMessageBox, QSizePolicy, QVBoxLayout,QWidget)

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        #继承QMainWindow类
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
        #添加
        widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)

        topFiller = QWidget()
        topFiller.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)

        self.infoLabel = QLabel("Choose a menu option",alignment=Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.infoLabel.setFrameStyle(QFrame.StyledPanel | QFrame.Sunken)

        bottomFiller = QWidget()
        bottomFiller.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
        vbox.addWidget(topFiller)
        vbox.addWidget(self.infoLabel)
        vbox.addWidget(bottomFiller)
        widget.setLayout(vbox)

        self.createActions()
        self.createMenus()

        message = "A context menu is available"
        self.statusBar().showMessage(message)

        self.setWindowTitle("Menus")
        self.setMinimumSize(160, 160)
        self.resize(480, 320)

    def newFile(self):
        self.infoLabel.setText("<b>File|New</b>")

    # 在File菜单栏下创建New,快捷键为ctrl+N,鼠标移动到‘New’时提示“Create a new file”,点击New后触发newFile函数
    def createActions(self):   
        self.newAct = QAction("&New", self, shortcut=QKeySequence.New,
                              statusTip="Create a new file", triggered=self.newFile)

    def createMenus(self):
        self.fileMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&File")   #添加File菜单栏
        self.fileMenu.addAction(self.newAct)              #在File菜单栏下创建New

        self.editMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&Edit")
        self.helpMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&Help")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

效果: