1.计算机网络概念
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路和通信设备连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
目的:传递交流信息,数据交换,通信
需要:1.端口:定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
Javaweb :网页编程 B/S
网络编程TCP/IP C/S
网路通信要素
实现网络通达:
1.通信双方地址:
-
Ip
-
端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要问题
-
如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
-
找到主机后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
-
IP和端口号 IP
-
网络通信协议 udp,tcp
3.万物皆对象
2.IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机locslhost(离线也可呼叫)
-
ip地址分类 (控制太输入ipconfig)
ipv4/ipv6
ipv4 12.0.0.1,4个字节组成,2.11年就用尽
ipv6 128位,8个无符号整数 (16进制)
2001:0bb2;a2a1;0000;0000;1a00;1312
-
公网(互联网)·私网(局域网)
ABCD类地址(自行百度)
192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织机构内部使用
-
域名
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");//返回本身
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3=InetAddress.getByName("localhost");//返回本身
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4=InetAddress.getLocalHost();//返回本身
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询百度网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");//返回本身
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法(用处不大)
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());返回一组地址,没啥用
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范地址
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名或自己电脑名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
3.端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程(ip位楼,端口为户)
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535*2,协议不冲突,可取同
-
端口分类
公有端口0~1023
http:80
https:443
FTP:21
Telent:23
程序注册端口1024~49151,分配用户或程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521
动态,私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr"8696 " #查看指定端口进程(任务管理器)
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestlnetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress= new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8000);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2= new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8000);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());
//host地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
4.通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,传输控制
问题:复杂 大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议
-
TCP: IP:网络互联协议
TCP udp 对比
TCP:类比打电话
-
稳定,连接
-
三次握手,四次挥手
最少3次,保证稳定连接
A:请求连接
B:确认连接,确定对方还在
A:确认连接
A:我要断开了
B:我知道你要断开了
B:你确定断开了吗
A:我断开了
-
客户端,服务器
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:类比发短信
-
不稳定,不连接
-
客户端,服务器没有明确的界限
-
不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
-
导弹 : DDOS:洪水攻击
5.TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package lesson2;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket=null;
OutputStream os=null;
try {//1.要知道服务器地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2.创建一个socket
socket=new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 10篇
os=socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//以下都是捕获异常,以上才是关键
finally {
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (os!=null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务器serverSocket
2.等待用户链接accept
3.接收用户的消息
package lesson2;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
Socket socket=null;
InputStream is=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
try { //1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket= new ServerSocket(9999);
while(true){ //2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
finally {
//关闭资源
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
6.文件上传
服务器端
package lesson3;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket= serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is= socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端接收完毕
OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();//发送
os.write("我接收完毕".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
package lesson3;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer) )!= -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确认服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//接收
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
}
}
7.Tomcat
服务端
自定义 S Tomcat服务器 S:java后台开发使用外部服务器
客户端
自定义 S 浏览器 B
8.UDP消息发送
发送端跟接收端,不需要连接
package demo3;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket= new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost =InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据起始:从0开始,数据末,要发送给谁,
DatagramPacket packet= new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
package demo3;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.String;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//开发端口
DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer= new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet= new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
//输出
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
9.UDP聊天实现
接收方
package chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data=packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());//后改成Packet.getLength去空格
System.out.println(receiveData);//trim去空格,byte数组转换字符后有空格
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket= new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();//读取这一行
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();//转换成数据
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
10.UDP交流
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
//建立连接
DatagramSocket socket=null;
BufferedReader reader=null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int formPort, String toIP, int toPort) {//自己是谁,往哪发
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();//转换成数据
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
private int port;//自己端口号
private String msgForm;//名字
protected TalkReceive(int port, String msgForm){
this.port=port;
this.msgForm=msgForm;
try {
socket=new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();//获得数据
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());//后改成Packet.getLength去空格
System.out.println(msgForm+":"+receiveData);//trim去空格,byte数组转换字符后有空格
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
11.URL
统一资源定位符:定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com ---》xxx.xxx.xxx
-
协议://ip地址 端口/项目名/资源
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url= new URL("http;//localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
12.URL下载网络资源
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL urlDown =new URL("https://m801.music.126.net/20240130001753/099595ba9a7f470c7ae3ba78d90ab231/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7918315692/a199/1033/8d56/7c6268b5f95c78764174740a61331a2a.m4a");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection) urlDown.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream= urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("f.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}