寒假Java学习之注解与反射

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已于 2024-02-01 22:25:47 修改

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于 2024-02-01 22:24:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fazhu4/article/details/135983134

版权

注解和反射

注解

注解人跟机械都能读

@加参数值，黄标

1.三种内置注解

package annitation;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test01 extends Object{
    //@Override 重写注解
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return super.toString();
    }
    

    //Deprecated 不推荐程序员使用，但是可以使用，或者存在更好的方式
    @Deprecated
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        test();
    }

    //镇压警告
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public void test02(){
        List list=new ArrayList();
    }
}

2.元注解

package annitation;


import java.lang.annotation.*;

//测试元注解
public class Test02 {
@MyAnnotation
    public void test(){

}
}

//定义一个注解
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
//RetentionPolicy表示注解在什么地方还有效，
// RUNTIME>CLASS>SOURCES
@Retention(value= RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented表示是否将我们的注解生成在JAVAdoc中
    @Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
    @Inherited
@interface  MyAnnotation{

}

3.自定义注解

用@interface自定义注解


import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

//自定义注解
public class Test03 {
    //注解可以显示赋值，如果没有默认值，必须赋值
    @MyAnnotation2(age = 18,name = "清江")
    public void test(){
    }

    @MyAnnotation3(value="qingqiang")
    public void test2(){

    }
}

@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})//目标作用域
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//在哪部分有效
@interface MyAnnotation2{
    //注解的参数：参数类型+参数名（）；
    String name() default "11";//default默认值
    int age() default 0;
    int id() default -1;//如果默认值为-1代表不存在，indexof代表不存在
    String[] schools() default {"西部开源"};
}

@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})//目标作用域
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//在哪部分有效
@interface MyAnnotation3{
    String value();//只有一个值默认为value
}

反射

1.概念

反射用Class类

正常自上向下new出来

反射从下找上，通过对象反类

2.基础代码

java.lang.Class:代表一个类

java.lang.reflect.Method:代表类的方法

java.lang.reflect.Field:代表类的成员变量

java.lang.reflect.Constructor:代表类的构造器

package reflection;

import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XObject;

//什么叫反射
public class Test02 extends Object {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获取类的class对象
        Class c1=Class.forName("reflection.Test02.User");
        System.out.println(c1);

        Class c2=Class.forName("reflection.Test02.User");
        Class c3=Class.forName("reflection.Test02.User");
        Class c4=Class.forName("reflection.Test02.User");

        //一个类在内容中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());//hashCode值相等

    }
}

//实体类:pojo  ,entity
class User{
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;
    public User(){

    }

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

3.CLass类

获取Class类

4.得到Class类的方法

//测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new student();
        System.out.println("这个人是："+person.name);

        //方式一：通过对象获得
        Class c1=person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());

        //方式二：forname获得
        Class c2=Class.forName("student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());

        //方式三：通过类名.class获得
        Class c3=student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());

        //方式四：基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}

class Person{
    String name;
    //有无参构造器
    public Person(){
    }
    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    //
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

class student extends Person{
    public student(){
        this.name="学生";
    }
}
class teacher extends Person{
    public teacher(){
        this.name="老师";
    }
}

5.所有CLass对象

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

public class Test04 {
    //所有类型的Class
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;//类
        Class c2= Comparable.class;//接口
        Class c3=String[].class;//一维数组
        Class c4=int[][].class;//二维数组
        Class c5=Override.class;//注解
        Class c6= ElementType.class;//枚举
        Class c7=Integer.class;//基本数据类型
        Class c8=void.class;//void
        Class c9=Class.class;//Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        //只要元素类型与维度一样，就是同一个Class
        int[] a=new int[10];
        int[] b=new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());

    }
}

5.类加载内存分析

6.分析类初始化

public class Test06 {
    //测试类什么时候会初始化
    static {
        System.out.println("Main类被加载");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.主动引用
      //  Son son = new Son();//父类未被初始化会自动先初始化父类

        //反射也会产生主动引用
       // Class.forName("Son");

        //不会产生类的引用方法
        //System.out.println(Son.b);//通过子类调用父类的静态方法，只加载父类
        Son[] array=new Son[5];//不引起初始化
        System.out.println(Son.M);//常量池不初始化
    }
}

class Father{
    static int b=2;
    static{
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}

class Son extends Father{
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        m=300;
    }
    static int m=100;
    static int M=1;
}

7.类加载器

运行环境中的jre文件>lib中定义了包

public class Test07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader =ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent=systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器（c/c++）
        ClassLoader parent1=parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);

        //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader=Class.forName("Test07").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
        classLoader =Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
/*获取的类路径
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar
;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\jce.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\resources.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_361\jre\lib\rt.jar;
C:\JAVA\zhujie    fanshe\out\production\zhujie    fanshe;
C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2023.3.2\lib\idea_rt.jar
 */

        //双亲委派机制,定义包时检测上级，有包时会使用上级
//        java.lang.String-->

    }

}

8.获取类运行时的结构

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

//获得类的信息
public class Test08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
       Class c1= Class.forName("reflection.User");

       //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名+类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名

        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("-------------------------");
        Field[] fields= c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
        fields=c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到所有属性
        for(Field field:fields){
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        //获得指定属性的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);

        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("----------------------" );
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的所有public方法
        for (Method method:methods){
            System.out.println("正常的："+method);
        }
        methods=c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
        for(Method method:methods){
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:"+method);
        }
        
        //获得指定方法
        System.out.println("----------------------" );
        Method getName=c1.getMethod("getName",null);
        Method setName=c1.getMethod("setName",String.class);//加参数原因，重载
        System.out.println(getName);
        System.out.println(setName);

        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("*********************************************************");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor:constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);//获得public方法
        }
        constructors=c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor:constructors){
            System.out.println("%"+constructor);//获得本类全部
        }

        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("指定"+declaredConstructor);
    }
}

9.类作用

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test09 {
    public static <User> void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得class对象
        Class c1=Class.forName("reflection.User");

        //构造一个对象
        User user =(User)c1.newInstance();//本质
        System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
       Constructor constructor=c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,int.class);
        User  user2=(User) constructor.newInstance("qingjiang",001,18);
        System.out.println(user2);

        //通过反射调用作弊方法
        User user3=(User) c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName=c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //invoke:激活的意思
        //对象，“方法的值
        setName.invoke(user3,"kuangshen");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());

        //通过反射操作属性
        User user4=(User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name=c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        //不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或者方法的setAccessible(ture)
        name.setAccessible(true);//取消安全检测
        name.set(user4,"kuangshen");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());
    }
}

10.性能对比分析

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class test10 {
    //分析性能问题
        //普通方法调用
        public static void test01() throws NoSuchMethodException {
            User user = new User();

            long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
                user.getName();
            }
            long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("普通方法执行："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");

        }
        //反射方式调用
        public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
            User user = new User();
            Class c1=user.getClass();

            Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
            getName.setAccessible(true);

            long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
                getName.invoke(user,null);
            }
            long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("反射方法执行："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
        }

        //反射方式调用 关闭检测
        public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
            User user = new User();
            Class c1 = user.getClass();

            Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
            getName.setAccessible(true);
            getName.setAccessible(true);

            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
                getName.invoke(user, null);
            }
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("关闭检测执行：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
            test01();//2ms
            test02();//62ms
            test03();//50ms
        }
}

11.反射操作泛型p15

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Test11 {
    public void test(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){
        System.out.println("test01");
    }

    public Map<String,User> test02(){
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;
    }
//通过泛型
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method method=Test11.class.getMethod("test",Map.class,List.class);

        Type[] genericparamenterTypes=method.getGenericParameterTypes();
        for (Type genericParameterType:genericparamenterTypes){
            System.out.println("a"+genericParameterType);
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
                Type[] actualTypeArguments=((ParameterizedType)genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument:actualTypeArguments){
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

获得注解信息

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Test12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("Student2");

        //通过反射注解
        Annotation[] annotations=c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation:annotations){
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        //获取注释的value值
        Tablekuang tablekuang=(Tablekuang) c1.getAnnotation(Tablekuang.class);
        String value =tablekuang.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f=c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        Fieldkuang annotation=f.getAnnotation(Fieldkuang.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());

    }
}

@Tablekuang("db_student")
class Student2{
    @Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_id",type="int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_age",type="int",length = 10)
    private int age;
    @Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_name",type="varchar",length = 3)
    private String name;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablekuang{
    String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldkuang{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}