Android基础知识(2)

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 16:08:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 16:08:53 发布

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分类专栏： Android开发知识体系

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fengshiguang2012/article/details/50588243

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1.Android 中 Service 通信

通过intent传递数据
通过IBinder传递数据

布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
    tools:context="com.gst.user.application.TempActivity"
    tools:showIn="@layout/activity_temp">


    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium"
        android:text="Medium Text"
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="44dp" />

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_marginTop="48dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开启服务"
        android:onClick="onClick_startService"
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button2" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="停止服务"
        android:onClick="onClick_stopService"
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="绑定服务"
        android:onClick="onClick_bindService"
        android:id="@+id/button3"
        android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button2" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="解除绑定"
        android:onClick="onClick_unbindService"
        android:id="@+id/button4"
        android:layout_marginTop="37dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button3"
        android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button3" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="同步数据"
        android:onClick="onClick_syncInfo"
        android:id="@+id/button5"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button4"
        android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button4"
        android:layout_marginTop="22dp" />
</RelativeLayout>

MyService类

package com.gst.user.application;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "MyService";
    private boolean isRunning=false;
    private String data="这是默认信息";
    private Callback callback=null;

    public MyService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
       return new MyBinder();
    }

    public class MyBinder extends Binder{
        public void setData(String data){
            MyService.this.data=data;
        }

        public MyService getService(){
            return MyService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        isRunning=true;
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int i=0;
                while (isRunning){
                    i++;
                    String s=i+":"+data;
                    Log.d(TAG,i+":"+data);
                    if (callback!=null){
                        callback.onDataChange(s);
                    }
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    public Callback getCallback() {
        return callback;
    }

    public void setCallback(Callback callback) {
        this.callback = callback;
    }

    public interface Callback{
        void onDataChange(String data);
    }
}

主程序

package com.gst.user.application;


import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class TempActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "TempActivity";
    private Intent intent;
    TextView textView;
    MyService.MyBinder binder;
    EditText editText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_temp);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });
        intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView3);
        editText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
    }

    private Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == 0x101) {
                textView.setText(msg.obj.toString());
            }
        }
    };

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            Log.d(TAG, "ServiceConnection:onServiceConnected");
            binder = (MyService.MyBinder) service;
            binder.getService().setCallback(new MyService.Callback() {
                @Override
                public void onDataChange(String data) {
                    Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
                    message.what = 0x101;
                    message.obj = data;
                    handler.sendMessage(message);
                }
            });
        }
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            Log.d(TAG, "ServiceConnection:onServiceDisconnected");
        }
    };

    public void onClick_startService(View view) {
        startService(intent);
    }

    public void onClick_stopService(View view) {
        stopService(intent);
    }

    public void onClick_bindService(View view) {
        bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    public void onClick_unbindService(View view) {
        if (connection != null) {
            unbindService(connection);
        }
    }

    public void onClick_syncInfo(View view) {
        if (binder != null) {
            String newData=editText.getText().toString().trim();
            if (newData.equals("")){
                return;
            }
            binder.setData(newData);
        }
    }
}

2.Android 中 AIDL 的理解与使用

跨应用启动 Service

   intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("包名","服务名"));
   startService(intent);

3.Android 广播接收器 BroadcastReceiver

4.Android 日志系统

使用日志API

System.out、System.err、Log.v、Log.d、Log.i、Log.w、Log.e 的使用

对日志进行分类

对日志进行分类呈现，便于开发调试

在DDMS中查看日志

使用 Android Studio 中的 DDMS 以及独立的 DDMS 查看日志

5.Android 权限系统

定义权限

   <permission android:name="com.gst.user.application.permission"/>

在代码中做权限检查

        int checkResult=this.checkCallingOrSelfPermission("android.permission.VIBRATE");
        if (checkResult!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            throw new SecurityException("需要申请权限:android.permission.VIBRATE");
        }