import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('data/table.csv',index_col='ID')
index_col=False/None默认,
index_col=0或者‘列名’——第一列/指定列为index值
一、单级索引
1. loc方法、iloc方法、[]操作符
最常用的索引方法可能就是这三类,其中iloc表示位置索引,loc表示标签索引,[]也具有很大的便利性,各有特点
(a)loc方法(注意:所有在loc中使用的切片全部包含右端点!)
df.loc[index1:index2:步幅,column1:column2]
取从index1到index2行(步幅)的行,column1到column2的列。
df.loc[[index1,index2],[column1,column2]]
取具体的某几(两)行和某几(两)列
① 单行索引:
df.loc[index]
② 多行索引:
df.loc[[index1,index2]] 取index1和index2这两行
df.loc[2402::-1] :从哪一行到哪一行,步幅为-1
③ 单列索引:
df.loc[:,‘Height’]
④ 多列索引:
df.loc[:,[‘Height’,‘Math’]]
df.loc[:,‘Height’:‘Math’]
⑤ 联合索引:
df.loc[1102:2401:3,‘Height’:‘Math’].head()
⑥ 函数式索引:
df.loc[lambda x:x['Gender']=='M'].head()
def f(x):
return [1101,1103]
df.loc[f]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
⑦ 布尔索引
df.loc[df['Address'].isin(['street_7','street_4'])].head()
df.loc[[True if i[-1]=='4' or i[-1]=='7' else False for i in df['Address'].values]].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
1202 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_4 | 176 | 94 | 63.5 | B- |
---|
1301 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
1303 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_7 | 188 | 82 | 49.7 | B |
---|
2101 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_7 | 174 | 84 | 83.3 | C |
---|
小节:本质上说,loc中能传入的只有布尔列表和索引子集构成的列表,只要把握这个原则就很容易理解上面那些操作
(b)iloc方法(注意与loc不同,切片右端点不包含)
① 单行索引:
df.iloc[3]
School S_1
Class C_1
Gender F
Address street_2
Height 167
Weight 81
Math 80.4
Physics B-
Name: 1104, dtype: object
② 多行索引:
df.iloc[3:5]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
③ 单列索引:
df.iloc[:,3].head()
ID
1101 street_1
1102 street_2
1103 street_2
1104 street_2
1105 street_4
Name: Address, dtype: object
④ 多列索引:
df.iloc[:,7::-2].head()
| Physics | Weight | Address | Class |
---|
ID | | | | |
---|
1101 | A+ | 63 | street_1 | C_1 |
---|
1102 | B+ | 73 | street_2 | C_1 |
---|
1103 | B+ | 82 | street_2 | C_1 |
---|
1104 | B- | 81 | street_2 | C_1 |
---|
1105 | B+ | 64 | street_4 | C_1 |
---|
⑤ 混合索引:
df.iloc[3::4,7::-2].head()
| Physics | Weight | Address | Class |
---|
ID | | | | |
---|
1104 | B- | 81 | street_2 | C_1 |
---|
1203 | A+ | 53 | street_6 | C_2 |
---|
1302 | A- | 57 | street_1 | C_3 |
---|
2101 | C | 84 | street_7 | C_1 |
---|
2105 | A | 81 | street_4 | C_1 |
---|
⑥ 函数式索引:
df.iloc[lambda x:[3]].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
小节:由上所述,iloc中接收的参数只能为整数或整数列表,不能使用布尔索引
(c) []操作符
如果不想陷入困境,请不要在行索引为浮点时使用[]操作符,因为在Series中的浮点[]并不是进行位置比较,而是值比较,非常特殊
(c.1)Series的[]操作
① 单元素索引:
s = pd.Series(df['Math'],index=df.index)
s[1101]
34.0
② 多行索引:
s[0:4]
ID
1101 34.0
1102 32.5
1103 87.2
1104 80.4
Name: Math, dtype: float64
③ 函数式索引:
s[lambda x: x.index[16::-6]]
ID
2102 50.6
1301 31.5
1105 84.8
Name: Math, dtype: float64
④ 布尔索引:
s[s>80]
ID
1103 87.2
1104 80.4
1105 84.8
1201 97.0
1302 87.7
1304 85.2
2101 83.3
2205 85.4
2304 95.5
Name: Math, dtype: float64
(c.2)DataFrame的[]操作
① 单行索引:
df[1:2]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
row = df.index.get_loc(1102)
df[row:row+1]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
② 多行索引:
df[3:5]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
③ 单列索引:
df['School'].head()
ID
1101 S_1
1102 S_1
1103 S_1
1104 S_1
1105 S_1
Name: School, dtype: object
④ 多列索引:
df[['School','Math']].head()
| School | Math |
---|
ID | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | 34.0 |
---|
1102 | S_1 | 32.5 |
---|
1103 | S_1 | 87.2 |
---|
1104 | S_1 | 80.4 |
---|
1105 | S_1 | 84.8 |
---|
⑤函数式索引:
df[lambda x:['Math','Physics']].head()
| Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | |
---|
1101 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
⑥ 布尔索引:
df[df['Gender']=='F'].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
1202 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_4 | 176 | 94 | 63.5 | B- |
---|
1204 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_5 | 162 | 63 | 33.8 | B |
---|
小节:一般来说,[]操作符常用于列选择或布尔选择,尽量避免行的选择
2. 布尔索引
(a)布尔符号:’&’,’|’,’~’:分别代表和and,或or,取反not
df[(df['Gender']=='F')&(df['Address']=='street_2')].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
2401 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 192 | 62 | 45.3 | A |
---|
2404 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 160 | 84 | 67.7 | B |
---|
df[(df['Math']>85)|(df['Address']=='street_7')].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1201 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_5 | 188 | 68 | 97.0 | A- |
---|
1302 | S_1 | C_3 | F | street_1 | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
1303 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_7 | 188 | 82 | 49.7 | B |
---|
1304 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_2 | 195 | 70 | 85.2 | A |
---|
df[~((df['Math']>75)|(df['Address']=='street_1'))].head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1202 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_4 | 176 | 94 | 63.5 | B- |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160 | 53 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
1204 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_5 | 162 | 63 | 33.8 | B |
---|
1205 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_6 | 167 | 63 | 68.4 | B- |
---|
loc和[]中相应位置都能使用布尔列表选择:
df.loc[df['Math']>60,(df[:8]['Address']=='street_6').values].head()
| Physics |
---|
ID | |
---|
1103 | B+ |
---|
1104 | B- |
---|
1105 | B+ |
---|
1201 | A- |
---|
1202 | B- |
---|
(b) isin方法
df[df['Address'].isin(['street_1','street_4'])&df['Physics'].isin(['A','A+'])]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
2105 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 170 | 81 | 34.2 | A |
---|
2203 | S_2 | C_2 | M | street_4 | 155 | 91 | 73.8 | A+ |
---|
df[df[['Address','Physics']].isin({'Address':['street_1','street_4'],'Physics':['A','A+']}).all(1)]
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
2105 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 170 | 81 | 34.2 | A |
---|
2203 | S_2 | C_2 | M | street_4 | 155 | 91 | 73.8 | A+ |
---|
3. 快速标量索引
当只需要取一个元素时,at和iat方法能够提供更快的实现:
display(df.at[1101,'School'])
display(df.loc[1101,'School'])
display(df.iat[0,0])
display(df.iloc[0,0])
'S_1'
'S_1'
'S_1'
'S_1'
4. 区间索引
此处介绍并不是说只能在单级索引中使用区间索引,只是作为一种特殊类型的索引方式,在此处先行介绍
(a)利用interval_range方法
pd.interval_range(start=0,end=5)
IntervalIndex([(0, 1], (1, 2], (2, 3], (3, 4], (4, 5]],
closed='right',
dtype='interval[int64]')
pd.interval_range(start=0,periods=8,freq=5)
IntervalIndex([(0, 5], (5, 10], (10, 15], (15, 20], (20, 25], (25, 30], (30, 35], (35, 40]],
closed='right',
dtype='interval[int64]')
(b)利用cut将数值列转为区间为元素的分类变量,例如统计数学成绩的区间情况:
math_interval = pd.cut(df['Math'],bins=[0,40,60,80,100])
math_interval.head()
ID
1101 (0, 40]
1102 (0, 40]
1103 (80, 100]
1104 (80, 100]
1105 (80, 100]
Name: Math, dtype: category
Categories (4, interval[int64]): [(0, 40] < (40, 60] < (60, 80] < (80, 100]]
(c)区间索引的选取
df_i = df.join(math_interval,rsuffix='_interval')[['Math','Math_interval']]\
.reset_index().set_index('Math_interval')
df_i.head()
| ID | Math |
---|
Math_interval | | |
---|
(0, 40] | 1101 | 34.0 |
---|
(0, 40] | 1102 | 32.5 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1103 | 87.2 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1104 | 80.4 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1105 | 84.8 |
---|
df_i.loc[65].head()
| ID | Math |
---|
Math_interval | | |
---|
(60, 80] | 1202 | 63.5 |
---|
(60, 80] | 1205 | 68.4 |
---|
(60, 80] | 1305 | 61.7 |
---|
(60, 80] | 2104 | 72.2 |
---|
(60, 80] | 2202 | 68.5 |
---|
df_i.loc[[65,90]].head()
| ID | Math |
---|
Math_interval | | |
---|
(60, 80] | 1202 | 63.5 |
---|
(60, 80] | 1205 | 68.4 |
---|
(60, 80] | 1305 | 61.7 |
---|
(60, 80] | 2104 | 72.2 |
---|
(60, 80] | 2202 | 68.5 |
---|
如果想要选取某个区间,先要把分类变量转为区间变量,再使用overlap方法:
df_i[df_i.index.astype('interval').overlaps(pd.Interval(70, 85))].head()
| ID | Math |
---|
Math_interval | | |
---|
(80, 100] | 1103 | 87.2 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1104 | 80.4 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1105 | 84.8 |
---|
(80, 100] | 1201 | 97.0 |
---|
(60, 80] | 1202 | 63.5 |
---|
二、多级索引
1. 创建多级索引
(a)通过from_tuple或from_arrays
① 直接创建元组
tuples = [('A','a'),('A','b'),('B','a'),('B','b')]
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
mul_index
MultiIndex([('A', 'a'),
('A', 'b'),
('B', 'a'),
('B', 'b')],
names=['Upper', 'Lower'])
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
| | Score |
---|
Upper | Lower | |
---|
A | a | perfect |
---|
b | good |
---|
B | a | fair |
---|
b | bad |
---|
② 利用zip创建元组
L1 = list('AABB')
L2 = list('abab')
tuples = list(zip(L1,L2))
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
| | Score |
---|
Upper | Lower | |
---|
A | a | perfect |
---|
b | good |
---|
B | a | fair |
---|
b | bad |
---|
③ 通过Array创建
arrays = [['A','a'],['A','b'],['B','a'],['B','b']]
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(arrays, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
| | Score |
---|
Upper | Lower | |
---|
A | a | perfect |
---|
b | good |
---|
B | a | fair |
---|
b | bad |
---|
mul_index
MultiIndex([('A', 'a'),
('A', 'b'),
('B', 'a'),
('B', 'b')],
names=['Upper', 'Lower'])
(b)通过from_product
L1 = ['A','B']
L2 = ['a','b']
pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
MultiIndex([('A', 'a'),
('A', 'b'),
('B', 'a'),
('B', 'b')],
names=['Upper', 'Lower'])
(c)指定df中的列创建(set_index方法)
df_using_mul = df.set_index(['Class','Address'])
df_using_mul.head()
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_1 | street_1 | S_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | F | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
2. 多层索引切片
df_using_mul.head()
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_1 | street_1 | S_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | F | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
(a)一般切片
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc['C_2','street_5']
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_2 | street_5 | S_1 | M | 188 | 68 | 97.0 | A- |
---|
street_5 | S_1 | F | 162 | 63 | 33.8 | B |
---|
street_5 | S_2 | M | 193 | 100 | 39.1 | B |
---|
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[('C_2','street_6'):('C_3','street_4')]
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_2 | street_6 | S_1 | M | 160 | 53 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
street_6 | S_1 | F | 167 | 63 | 68.4 | B- |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 194 | 77 | 68.5 | B+ |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 183 | 76 | 85.4 | B |
---|
C_3 | street_1 | S_1 | F | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | M | 195 | 70 | 85.2 | A |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | M | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
street_4 | S_2 | F | 157 | 78 | 72.3 | B+ |
---|
street_4 | S_2 | M | 187 | 73 | 48.9 | B |
---|
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[('C_2','street_7'):'C_3'].head()
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_2 | street_7 | S_2 | F | 194 | 77 | 68.5 | B+ |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 183 | 76 | 85.4 | B |
---|
C_3 | street_1 | S_1 | F | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | M | 195 | 70 | 85.2 | A |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | M | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
(b)第一类特殊情况:由元组构成列表
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[[('C_2','street_7'),('C_3','street_2')]]
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_2 | street_7 | S_2 | F | 194 | 77 | 68.5 | B+ |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 183 | 76 | 85.4 | B |
---|
C_3 | street_2 | S_1 | M | 195 | 70 | 85.2 | A |
---|
(c)第二类特殊情况:由列表构成元组
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[(['C_2','C_3'],['street_4','street_7']),:]
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_2 | street_4 | S_1 | F | 176 | 94 | 63.5 | B- |
---|
street_4 | S_2 | M | 155 | 91 | 73.8 | A+ |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 194 | 77 | 68.5 | B+ |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 183 | 76 | 85.4 | B |
---|
C_3 | street_4 | S_1 | M | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
street_4 | S_2 | F | 157 | 78 | 72.3 | B+ |
---|
street_4 | S_2 | M | 187 | 73 | 48.9 | B |
---|
street_7 | S_1 | M | 188 | 82 | 49.7 | B |
---|
street_7 | S_2 | F | 190 | 99 | 65.9 | C |
---|
3. 多层索引中的slice对象
L1,L2 = ['A','B','C'],['a','b','c']
mul_index1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
L3,L4 = ['D','E','F'],['d','e','f']
mul_index2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L3,L4],names=('Big', 'Small'))
df_s = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(9,9),index=mul_index1,columns=mul_index2)
df_s
| Big | D | E | F |
---|
| Small | d | e | f | d | e | f | d | e | f |
---|
Upper | Lower | | | | | | | | | |
---|
A | a | 0.276153 | 0.697898 | 0.751656 | 0.221045 | 0.117673 | 0.984414 | 0.387038 | 0.719734 | 0.133291 |
---|
b | 0.451889 | 0.333369 | 0.525660 | 0.052105 | 0.334103 | 0.462962 | 0.695350 | 0.875561 | 0.725070 |
---|
c | 0.070381 | 0.663048 | 0.703477 | 0.593716 | 0.640888 | 0.320737 | 0.380183 | 0.433279 | 0.604086 |
---|
B | a | 0.013178 | 0.493022 | 0.622761 | 0.925722 | 0.677108 | 0.531421 | 0.502058 | 0.370125 | 0.225989 |
---|
b | 0.196350 | 0.082496 | 0.695659 | 0.795074 | 0.581551 | 0.130079 | 0.682663 | 0.193928 | 0.538473 |
---|
c | 0.728920 | 0.344853 | 0.029392 | 0.646919 | 0.760591 | 0.232913 | 0.360384 | 0.336017 | 0.168119 |
---|
C | a | 0.569258 | 0.472030 | 0.987852 | 0.747845 | 0.466530 | 0.051327 | 0.764040 | 0.501230 | 0.795936 |
---|
b | 0.131630 | 0.992052 | 0.031407 | 0.014875 | 0.539500 | 0.356934 | 0.839198 | 0.288474 | 0.692343 |
---|
c | 0.193356 | 0.083151 | 0.192411 | 0.481481 | 0.772751 | 0.146419 | 0.926759 | 0.239996 | 0.147642 |
---|
idx=pd.IndexSlice
索引Slice的使用非常灵活:
df_s.loc[idx['B':,df_s['D']['d']>0.3],idx[df_s.sum()>4]]
| Big | D | E | F |
---|
| Small | e | f | d | e | d | f |
---|
Upper | Lower | | | | | | |
---|
B | c | 0.344853 | 0.029392 | 0.646919 | 0.760591 | 0.360384 | 0.168119 |
---|
C | a | 0.472030 | 0.987852 | 0.747845 | 0.466530 | 0.764040 | 0.795936 |
---|
4. 索引层的交换
(a)swaplevel方法(两层交换)
df_using_mul.head()
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | Address | | | | | | |
---|
C_1 | street_1 | S_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | F | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | F | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
df_using_mul.swaplevel(i=1,j=0,axis=0).sort_index().head()
| | School | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Address | Class | | | | | | |
---|
street_1 | C_1 | S_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
C_2 | S_2 | M | 175 | 74 | 47.2 | B- |
---|
C_3 | S_1 | F | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
street_2 | C_1 | S_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
(b)reorder_levels方法(多层交换)
df_muls = df.set_index(['School','Class','Address'])
df_muls.head()
| | | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
School | Class | Address | | | | | |
---|
S_1 | C_1 | street_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
street_2 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
street_2 | F | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
street_4 | F | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
df_muls.reorder_levels([2,0,1],axis=0).sort_index().head()
| | | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Address | School | Class | | | | | |
---|
street_1 | S_1 | C_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
C_3 | F | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
S_2 | C_2 | M | 175 | 74 | 47.2 | B- |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | C_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
C_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
df_muls.reorder_levels(['Address','School','Class'],axis=0).sort_index().head()
| | | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Address | School | Class | | | | | |
---|
street_1 | S_1 | C_1 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
C_3 | F | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
S_2 | C_2 | M | 175 | 74 | 47.2 | B- |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | C_1 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
C_1 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
三、索引设定
1. index_col参数
index_col是read_csv中的一个参数,而不是某一个方法:
pd.read_csv('data/table.csv',index_col=['Address','School']).head()
| | Class | ID | Gender | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Address | School | | | | | | | |
---|
street_1 | S_1 | C_1 | 1101 | M | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
street_2 | S_1 | C_1 | 1102 | F | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
S_1 | C_1 | 1103 | M | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
S_1 | C_1 | 1104 | F | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
street_4 | S_1 | C_1 | 1105 | F | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
2. reindex和reindex_like
reindex是指重新索引,它的重要特性在于索引对齐,很多时候用于重新排序
df.head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402])
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173.0 | 63.0 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160.0 | 53.0 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
1206 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
---|
2402 | S_2 | C_4 | M | street_7 | 166.0 | 82.0 | 48.7 | B |
---|
df.reindex(columns=['Height','Gender','Average']).head()
| Height | Gender | Average |
---|
ID | | | |
---|
1101 | 173 | M | NaN |
---|
1102 | 192 | F | NaN |
---|
1103 | 186 | M | NaN |
---|
1104 | 167 | F | NaN |
---|
1105 | 159 | F | NaN |
---|
可以选择缺失值的填充方法:fill_value和method(bfill/ffill/nearest),其中method参数必须索引单调
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402],method='bfill')
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160 | 53 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
1206 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
2402 | S_2 | C_4 | M | street_7 | 166 | 82 | 48.7 | B |
---|
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402],method='nearest')
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160 | 53 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
1206 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_6 | 167 | 63 | 68.4 | B- |
---|
2402 | S_2 | C_4 | M | street_7 | 166 | 82 | 48.7 | B |
---|
reindex_like的作用为生成一个横纵索引完全与参数列表一致的DataFrame,数据使用被调用的表
df_temp = pd.DataFrame({'Weight':np.zeros(5),
'Height':np.zeros(5),
'ID':[1101,1104,1103,1106,1102]}).set_index('ID')
df_temp.reindex_like(df[0:5][['Weight','Height']])
| Weight | Height |
---|
ID | | |
---|
1101 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
---|
1102 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
---|
1103 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
---|
1104 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
---|
1105 | NaN | NaN |
---|
如果df_temp单调还可以使用method参数:
df_temp = pd.DataFrame({'Weight':range(5),
'Height':range(5),
'ID':[1101,1104,1103,1106,1102]}).set_index('ID').sort_index()
df_temp.reindex_like(df[0:5][['Weight','Height']],method='bfill')
| Weight | Height |
---|
ID | | |
---|
1101 | 0 | 0 |
---|
1102 | 4 | 4 |
---|
1103 | 2 | 2 |
---|
1104 | 1 | 1 |
---|
1105 | 3 | 3 |
---|
3. set_index和reset_index
先介绍set_index:从字面意思看,就是将某些列作为索引
使用表内列作为索引:
df.head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
df.set_index('Class').head()
| School | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
Class | | | | | | | |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
C_1 | S_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
利用append参数可以将当前索引维持不变
df.set_index('Class',append=True).head()
| | School | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | Class | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | C_1 | S_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | C_1 | S_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | C_1 | S_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | C_1 | S_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | C_1 | S_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
当使用与表长相同的列作为索引(需要先转化为Series,否则报错):
df.set_index(pd.Series(range(df.shape[0]))).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
0 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
2 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
3 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
4 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
可以直接添加多级索引:
df.set_index([pd.Series(range(df.shape[0])),pd.Series(np.ones(df.shape[0]))]).head()
| | School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
0 | 1.0 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1 | 1.0 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
2 | 1.0 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
3 | 1.0 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
4 | 1.0 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
下面介绍reset_index方法,它的主要功能是将索引重置
默认状态直接恢复到自然数索引:
df.reset_index().head()
| ID | School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
0 | 1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1 | 1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
2 | 1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
3 | 1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
4 | 1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
用level参数指定哪一层被reset,用col_level参数指定set到哪一层:
L1,L2 = ['A','B','C'],['a','b','c']
mul_index1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
L3,L4 = ['D','E','F'],['d','e','f']
mul_index2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L3,L4],names=('Big', 'Small'))
df_temp = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(9,9),index=mul_index1,columns=mul_index2)
df_temp.head()
| Big | D | E | F |
---|
| Small | d | e | f | d | e | f | d | e | f |
---|
Upper | Lower | | | | | | | | | |
---|
A | a | 0.036300 | 0.111297 | 0.509819 | 0.322065 | 0.107846 | 0.393002 | 0.951695 | 0.352045 | 0.055245 |
---|
b | 0.585976 | 0.817781 | 0.526512 | 0.560763 | 0.647126 | 0.801922 | 0.520511 | 0.708981 | 0.774692 |
---|
c | 0.859907 | 0.824712 | 0.675348 | 0.238558 | 0.869172 | 0.965363 | 0.803485 | 0.568771 | 0.734648 |
---|
B | a | 0.129040 | 0.278234 | 0.981728 | 0.903423 | 0.676240 | 0.371291 | 0.876571 | 0.338353 | 0.021567 |
---|
b | 0.221386 | 0.744765 | 0.080138 | 0.013936 | 0.623034 | 0.314859 | 0.520199 | 0.742233 | 0.834835 |
---|
df_temp1 = df_temp.reset_index(level=1,col_level=1)
df_temp1.head()
Big | | D | E | F |
---|
Small | Lower | d | e | f | d | e | f | d | e | f |
---|
Upper | | | | | | | | | | |
---|
A | a | 0.036300 | 0.111297 | 0.509819 | 0.322065 | 0.107846 | 0.393002 | 0.951695 | 0.352045 | 0.055245 |
---|
A | b | 0.585976 | 0.817781 | 0.526512 | 0.560763 | 0.647126 | 0.801922 | 0.520511 | 0.708981 | 0.774692 |
---|
A | c | 0.859907 | 0.824712 | 0.675348 | 0.238558 | 0.869172 | 0.965363 | 0.803485 | 0.568771 | 0.734648 |
---|
B | a | 0.129040 | 0.278234 | 0.981728 | 0.903423 | 0.676240 | 0.371291 | 0.876571 | 0.338353 | 0.021567 |
---|
B | b | 0.221386 | 0.744765 | 0.080138 | 0.013936 | 0.623034 | 0.314859 | 0.520199 | 0.742233 | 0.834835 |
---|
df_temp1.columns
MultiIndex([( '', 'Lower'),
('D', 'd'),
('D', 'e'),
('D', 'f'),
('E', 'd'),
('E', 'e'),
('E', 'f'),
('F', 'd'),
('F', 'e'),
('F', 'f')],
names=['Big', 'Small'])
df_temp1.index
Index(['A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C'], dtype='object', name='Upper')
4. rename_axis和rename
rename_axis是针对多级索引的方法,作用是修改某一层的索引名,而不是索引标签
df_temp.rename_axis(index={'Lower':'LowerLower'},columns={'Big':'BigBig'})
| BigBig | D | E | F |
---|
| Small | d | e | f | d | e | f | d | e | f |
---|
Upper | LowerLower | | | | | | | | | |
---|
A | a | 0.036300 | 0.111297 | 0.509819 | 0.322065 | 0.107846 | 0.393002 | 0.951695 | 0.352045 | 0.055245 |
---|
b | 0.585976 | 0.817781 | 0.526512 | 0.560763 | 0.647126 | 0.801922 | 0.520511 | 0.708981 | 0.774692 |
---|
c | 0.859907 | 0.824712 | 0.675348 | 0.238558 | 0.869172 | 0.965363 | 0.803485 | 0.568771 | 0.734648 |
---|
B | a | 0.129040 | 0.278234 | 0.981728 | 0.903423 | 0.676240 | 0.371291 | 0.876571 | 0.338353 | 0.021567 |
---|
b | 0.221386 | 0.744765 | 0.080138 | 0.013936 | 0.623034 | 0.314859 | 0.520199 | 0.742233 | 0.834835 |
---|
c | 0.905252 | 0.037512 | 0.377849 | 0.225882 | 0.781182 | 0.232511 | 0.778518 | 0.572787 | 0.858842 |
---|
C | a | 0.678289 | 0.324638 | 0.165628 | 0.737036 | 0.591936 | 0.312173 | 0.319689 | 0.289072 | 0.954463 |
---|
b | 0.647861 | 0.527387 | 0.505945 | 0.488335 | 0.631082 | 0.639539 | 0.785094 | 0.026073 | 0.881210 |
---|
c | 0.990722 | 0.691715 | 0.697617 | 0.115831 | 0.129802 | 0.994152 | 0.176841 | 0.449053 | 0.145351 |
---|
rename方法用于修改列或者行索引标签,而不是索引名:
df_temp.rename(index={'A':'T'},columns={'e':'changed_e'}).head()
| Big | D | E | F |
---|
| Small | d | changed_e | f | d | changed_e | f | d | changed_e | f |
---|
Upper | Lower | | | | | | | | | |
---|
T | a | 0.036300 | 0.111297 | 0.509819 | 0.322065 | 0.107846 | 0.393002 | 0.951695 | 0.352045 | 0.055245 |
---|
b | 0.585976 | 0.817781 | 0.526512 | 0.560763 | 0.647126 | 0.801922 | 0.520511 | 0.708981 | 0.774692 |
---|
c | 0.859907 | 0.824712 | 0.675348 | 0.238558 | 0.869172 | 0.965363 | 0.803485 | 0.568771 | 0.734648 |
---|
B | a | 0.129040 | 0.278234 | 0.981728 | 0.903423 | 0.676240 | 0.371291 | 0.876571 | 0.338353 | 0.021567 |
---|
b | 0.221386 | 0.744765 | 0.080138 | 0.013936 | 0.623034 | 0.314859 | 0.520199 | 0.742233 | 0.834835 |
---|
四、常用索引型函数
1. where函数
当对条件为False的单元进行填充:
df.head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
df.where(df['Gender']=='M').head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173.0 | 63.0 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186.0 | 82.0 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
---|
1105 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
---|
通过这种方法筛选结果和[]操作符的结果完全一致:
df.where(df['Gender']=='M').dropna().head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173.0 | 63.0 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186.0 | 82.0 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1201 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_5 | 188.0 | 68.0 | 97.0 | A- |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160.0 | 53.0 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
1301 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161.0 | 68.0 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
第一个参数为布尔条件,第二个参数为填充值:
df.where(df['Gender']=='M',np.random.rand(df.shape[0],df.shape[1])).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173.000000 | 63.000000 | 34.000000 | A+ |
---|
1102 | 0.0152467 | 0.708444 | 0.917199 | 0.302185 | 0.689643 | 0.010126 | 0.724636 | 0.895387 |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186.000000 | 82.000000 | 87.200000 | B+ |
---|
1104 | 0.369195 | 0.459211 | 0.464191 | 0.964486 | 0.365797 | 0.127602 | 0.501496 | 0.0287754 |
---|
1105 | 0.812232 | 0.999634 | 0.825782 | 0.285692 | 0.340197 | 0.083982 | 0.792310 | 0.133054 |
---|
2. mask函数
mask函数与where功能上相反,其余完全一致,即对条件为True的单元进行填充
df.mask(df['Gender']=='M').dropna().head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192.0 | 73.0 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167.0 | 81.0 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159.0 | 64.0 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
1202 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_4 | 176.0 | 94.0 | 63.5 | B- |
---|
1204 | S_1 | C_2 | F | street_5 | 162.0 | 63.0 | 33.8 | B |
---|
df.mask(df['Gender']=='M',np.random.rand(df.shape[0],df.shape[1])).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | 0.273962 | 0.25028 | 0.587471 | 0.977206 | 0.442403 | 0.319460 | 0.460991 | 0.842498 |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192.000000 | 73.000000 | 32.500000 | B+ |
---|
1103 | 0.436674 | 0.741524 | 0.46996 | 0.688603 | 0.938241 | 0.531811 | 0.794352 | 0.17495 |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167.000000 | 81.000000 | 80.400000 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159.000000 | 64.000000 | 84.800000 | B+ |
---|
3. query函数
df.head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1103 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_2 | 186 | 82 | 87.2 | B+ |
---|
1104 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 167 | 81 | 80.4 | B- |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
query函数中的布尔表达式中,下面的符号都是合法的:行列索引名、字符串、and/not/or/&/|/~/not in/in/==/!=、四则运算符
df.query('(Address in ["street_6","street_7"])&(Weight>(70+10))&(ID in [1303,2304,2402])')
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1303 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_7 | 188 | 82 | 49.7 | B |
---|
2304 | S_2 | C_3 | F | street_6 | 164 | 81 | 95.5 | A- |
---|
2402 | S_2 | C_4 | M | street_7 | 166 | 82 | 48.7 | B |
---|
五、重复元素处理
1. duplicated方法
该方法返回了是否重复的布尔列表
df.duplicated('Class').head()
ID
1101 False
1102 True
1103 True
1104 True
1105 True
dtype: bool
可选参数keep默认为first,即首次出现设为不重复,若为last,则最后一次设为不重复,若为False,则所有重复项为False
df.duplicated('Class',keep='last').tail()
ID
2401 True
2402 True
2403 True
2404 True
2405 False
dtype: bool
df.duplicated('Class',keep=False).head()
ID
1101 True
1102 True
1103 True
1104 True
1105 True
dtype: bool
2. drop_duplicates方法
从名字上看出为剔除重复项,这在后面章节中的分组操作中可能是有用的,例如需要保留每组的第一个值:
df.drop_duplicates('Class')
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1201 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_5 | 188 | 68 | 97.0 | A- |
---|
1301 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
2401 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 192 | 62 | 45.3 | A |
---|
参数与duplicate函数类似:
df.drop_duplicates('Class',keep='last')
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
2105 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 170 | 81 | 34.2 | A |
---|
2205 | S_2 | C_2 | F | street_7 | 183 | 76 | 85.4 | B |
---|
2305 | S_2 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 187 | 73 | 48.9 | B |
---|
2405 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_6 | 193 | 54 | 47.6 | B |
---|
在传入多列时等价于将多列共同视作一个多级索引,比较重复项:
df.drop_duplicates(['School','Class'])
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1101 | S_1 | C_1 | M | street_1 | 173 | 63 | 34.0 | A+ |
---|
1201 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_5 | 188 | 68 | 97.0 | A- |
---|
1301 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
2101 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_7 | 174 | 84 | 83.3 | C |
---|
2201 | S_2 | C_2 | M | street_5 | 193 | 100 | 39.1 | B |
---|
2301 | S_2 | C_3 | F | street_4 | 157 | 78 | 72.3 | B+ |
---|
2401 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 192 | 62 | 45.3 | A |
---|
六、抽样函数
这里的抽样函数指的就是sample函数
(a)n为样本量
df.sample(n=5)
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
2103 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 157 | 61 | 52.5 | B- |
---|
1102 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_2 | 192 | 73 | 32.5 | B+ |
---|
1301 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_4 | 161 | 68 | 31.5 | B+ |
---|
1304 | S_1 | C_3 | M | street_2 | 195 | 70 | 85.2 | A |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
(b)frac为抽样比
df.sample(frac=0.05)
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1105 | S_1 | C_1 | F | street_4 | 159 | 64 | 84.8 | B+ |
---|
2402 | S_2 | C_4 | M | street_7 | 166 | 82 | 48.7 | B |
---|
(c)replace为是否放回
df.sample(n=df.shape[0],replace=True).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
2403 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_6 | 158 | 60 | 59.7 | B+ |
---|
2404 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 160 | 84 | 67.7 | B |
---|
2405 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_6 | 193 | 54 | 47.6 | B |
---|
2303 | S_2 | C_3 | F | street_7 | 190 | 99 | 65.9 | C |
---|
1203 | S_1 | C_2 | M | street_6 | 160 | 53 | 58.8 | A+ |
---|
df.sample(n=35,replace=True).index.is_unique
False
(d)axis为抽样维度,默认为0,即抽行
df.sample(n=3,axis=1).head()
| Address | Weight | School |
---|
ID | | | |
---|
1101 | street_1 | 63 | S_1 |
---|
1102 | street_2 | 73 | S_1 |
---|
1103 | street_2 | 82 | S_1 |
---|
1104 | street_2 | 81 | S_1 |
---|
1105 | street_4 | 64 | S_1 |
---|
(e)weights为样本权重,自动归一化
df.sample(n=3,weights=np.random.rand(df.shape[0])).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1302 | S_1 | C_3 | F | street_1 | 175 | 57 | 87.7 | A- |
---|
1305 | S_1 | C_3 | F | street_5 | 187 | 69 | 61.7 | B- |
---|
2404 | S_2 | C_4 | F | street_2 | 160 | 84 | 67.7 | B |
---|
df.sample(n=3,weights=df['Math']).head()
| School | Class | Gender | Address | Height | Weight | Math | Physics |
---|
ID | | | | | | | | |
---|
1305 | S_1 | C_3 | F | street_5 | 187 | 69 | 61.7 | B- |
---|
2103 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 157 | 61 | 52.5 | B- |
---|
2105 | S_2 | C_1 | M | street_4 | 170 | 81 | 34.2 | A |
---|