Ubuntu20.04配置OpenCV4 vscode C++开发环境

第一步：安装OpenCV4和vscode。

可以参考这篇博客：Ubuntu20.4：安装OpenCV4，配置vscode+CMake作为基本开发环境_你和猫丶都要的博客-CSDN博客

网上相关文章很多，这里不再详述。

第二步：安装vscode C/C++插件。

打开vscode，点击Extensions搜索C/C++，点击安装即可。

 第三步：配置OpenCV C++的编译环境。

在vscode内新建一个文件夹，新建一个test.cpp文件，编写一段包含opencv的调试代码。

按F5运行程序，会提示选择环境，依次选择C++(GDB/LLDB)->g++ - Build and debug active file，在左侧会生成一个.vscode文件夹，里面包含launch.json和tasks.json两个文件。

launch.json文件修改如下：

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++ - Build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",  //程序文件路径
            "args": [],  //程序运行需传入的参数
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,   //运行时是否显示控制台窗口
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json文件修改如下：

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",  /* 与launch.json文件里的preLaunchTask的内容保持一致 */
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-std=c++11",
                "-g",
                //"${file}",   /* 编译单个文件 */
                "${fileDirname}/*.cpp",  /* 编译多个文件 */
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",  /* 输出文件路径 */

                /* 项目所需的头文件路径 */
                "-I","${workspaceFolder}/",
                "-I","/usr/local/include/",
                "-I","/usr/local/include/opencv4/",
                "-I","/usr/local/include/opencv4/opencv2",

                /* 项目所需的库文件路径 */
                "-L", "/usr/local/lib",

                /* OpenCV的lib库 */
                "/usr/local/lib/libopencv_*",

            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

其中label的值必须与launch.json中preLaunchTask的值完全相同。

此时再按F5，程序已经可以正常编译运行。

第四步：配置OpenCV的开发环境。

Ctrl+Shift+P或者View->Command Palette打开命令面板，选择“C/C++:Edit Configurations(JSON)”，会在.vscode下生成一个c_cpp_properties.json文件，修改文件内容如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "/usr/include",
                "/usr/local/include/**"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "cStandard": "gnu11",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

主要是将include的头文件所在路径和函数库的路径设置给编译器。