这里我们考虑非均匀情况下的海啸波(潜水波)方程如下：
∂ t 2 P = ∇ ⋅ ( v 2 ∇ P ) = ∂ x v 2 ∂ x P + ∂ y v 2 ∂ y P + v 2 ( ∂ x 2 P + ∂ y 2 P ) \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \partial^2_tP&=\nabla\cdot(v^2\nabla P)\\ &=\partial_xv^2\partial_xP+\partial_yv^2\partial_yP+v^2(\partial_x^2P+\partial_y^2P) \end{aligned} \end{equation} ∂t2P=∇⋅(v2∇P)=∂xv2∂xP+∂yv2∂yP+v2(∂x2P+∂y2P)其中 P = P ( x , y , t ) P = P(x, y, t) P=P(x,y,t)为海啸波在海平面以上的高度， v = P H ( x , y ) v = \sqrt{PH(x, y)} v=PH(x,y)为波速， g g g为重力加速度， H H H为海洋深度。下列推导考虑 Δ x = Δ y \Delta x=\Delta y Δx=Δy
二阶精度格式推导：
一次导数的二阶中心差分格式为
f ′ = 1 2 f i + 1 − 1 2 f i − 1 Δ x \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} f^{'}=\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}f_{i+1}-\frac{1}{2}f_{i-1}}{\Delta x} \end{aligned} \end{equation} f′=Δx21fi+1−21fi−1
∂ x P = 1 2 P i + 1 , j n − 1 2 P i − 1 , j n Δ x v 2 ∂ x P = 1 2 P i + 1 , j n − 1 2 P i − 1 , j n Δ x v i , j 2 = 1 2 Δ x ( P i + 1 , j n − P i − 1 , j n ) v i , j 2 ∂ x v 2 ∂ x P = 1 2 Δ x { [ 1 2 P i + 2 , j n − 1 2 P i , j n Δ x − 1 2 P i , j n − 1 2 P i − 2 , j n Δ x ] v i , j 2 + ( P i + 1 , j n − P i − 1 , j n ) 2 v i , j 1 2 v i + 1 , j − 1 2 v i − 1 , j Δ x } = 1 2 Δ x 2 [ 1 2 ( P i + 2 , j n − 2 P i , j n + P i − 2 , j n ) + ( P i + 1 , j n − P i − 1 , j n ) ( v i + 1 , j − v i − 1 , j ) v i , j ] \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \partial_xP&=\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i+1,j}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i-1,j}}{\Delta x}\\ v^2\partial_xP&=\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i+1,j}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i-1,j}}{\Delta x}v_{i,j}^2=\dfrac{1}{2\Delta x}\left(P^n_{i+1,j}-P^n_{i-1,j}\right)v_{i,j}^2\\ \partial_xv^2\partial_xP&=\dfrac{1}{2\Delta x}\left\{\left[\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i+2,j}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j}}{\Delta x}-\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i-2,j}}{\Delta x}\right]v_{i,j}^2+\left(P^n_{i+1,j}-P^n_{i-1,j}\right)2v_{i,j}\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}v_{i+1,j}-\frac{1}{2}v_{i-1,j}}{\Delta x}\right\}\\ &=\dfrac{1}{2\Delta x^2}\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(P^n_{i+2,j}-2P^n_{i,j}+P^n_{i-2,j}\right)+\left(P^n_{i+1,j}-P^n_{i-1,j}\right)\left(v_{i+1,j}-v_{i-1,j}\right)v_{i,j}\right] \end{aligned} \end{equation} ∂xPv2∂xP∂xv2∂xP=Δx21Pi+1,jn−21Pi−1,jn=Δx21Pi+1,jn−21Pi−1,jnvi,j2=2Δx1(Pi+1,jn−Pi−1,jn)vi,j2=2Δx1{
[Δx21Pi+2,jn−21Pi,jn−Δx21Pi,jn−21Pi−2,jn]vi,j2+(Pi+1,jn−Pi−1,jn)2vi,jΔx21vi+1,j−21vi−1,j}=2Δx21[21(Pi+2,jn−2Pi,jn+Pi−2,jn)+(Pi+1,jn−Pi−1,jn)(vi+1,j−vi−1,j)vi,j]同理，可得
∂ y v 2 ∂ y P = 1 2 Δ x { [ 1 2 P i , j + 2 n − 1 2 P i , j n Δ x − 1 2 P i , j n − 1 2 P i , j − 2 n Δ x ] v i , j 2 + ( P i , j + 1 n − P i , j − 1 n ) 2 v i , j 1 2 v i , j + 1 − 1 2 v i , j − 1 Δ x } = 1 2 Δ x 2 [ 1 2 ( P i , j + 2 n − 2 P i , j n + P i , j − 2 n ) + ( P i , j + 1 n − P i , j − 1 n ) ( v i , j + 1 − v i , j − 1 ) v i , j ] \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \partial_yv^2\partial_yP&=\dfrac{1}{2\Delta x}\left\{\left[\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j+2}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j}}{\Delta x}-\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j}-\frac{1}{2}P^n_{i,j-2}}{\Delta x}\right]v_{i,j}^2+\left(P^n_{i,j+1}-P^n_{i,j-1}\right)2v_{i,j}\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}v_{i,j+1}-\frac{1}{2}v_{i,j-1}}{\Delta x}\right\}\\ &=\dfrac{1}{2\Delta x^2}\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(P^n_{i,j+2}-2P^n_{i,j}+P^n_{i,j-2}\right)+\left(P^n_{i,j+1}-P^n_{i,j-1}\right)\left(v_{i,j+1}-v_{i,j-1}\right)v_{i,j}\right] \end{aligned} \end{equation} ∂yv2∂yP=2Δx1{
[Δx21Pi,j+2n−21Pi,jn−Δx21Pi,jn−21Pi,j−2n]vi,j2+(Pi,j+1n−Pi,j−1n)2vi,jΔx21vi,j+1−21vi,j−1}=2Δx21[21(Pi,j+2n−2Pi,jn+Pi,j−2n)+(Pi,j+1n−Pi,j−1n)(vi,j+1−vi,j−1)vi,j]
二次导数的二阶中心差分格式为：
f ′ ′ = f i − 1 − 2 f i + f i + 1 Δ x 2 \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} f^{''}=\dfrac{f_{i-1}-2f_i+f_{i+1}}{\Delta x^2} \end{aligned} \end{equation} f′′=Δx2fi−1−2fi+fi+1
∂ x 2 P = P i − 1 , j n − 2 P i , j n + P i + 1 , j n Δ x 2 ∂ y 2 P = P i , j − 1 n − 2 P i , j n + P i , j + 1 n Δ x 2 v 2 ( ∂ x 2 P + ∂ y 2 P ) = v i , j 2 ( P i − 1 , j n − 2 P i , j n + P i + 1 , j n Δ x 2 + P i , j − 1 n − 2 P i , j n + P i , j + 1 n Δ x 2 ) = v i , j 2 Δ x 2 ( P i − 1 , j n − 2 P i , j n + P i + 1 , j n + P i , j − 1 n − 2 P i , j n + P i , j + 1 n ) ∂ t 2 P =
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