小学生python游戏编程arcade----可旋转的坦克

前言

接上篇文章继续解绍arcade游戏编程的基本知识。角色的旋转射击，如坦克可以键盘控制旋转的方向及按角度前进与后退

小学生python游戏编程arcade----可旋转的坦克

1、可旋转的坦克

1.1 炮台朝向问题，坦克图片的加载，注意事项

精灵类的基本角度，是以朝上为0的，如调用第一种图片，会出现很奇怪的角度前进方向，可自己试试，通过初始设置为# self.player_sprite.angle=0或90都不可以成功的。

1.2坦克初始代码

    # 角色初始,图片正上方的角度为0
    self.score = 0
    self.player_sprite = ShipSprite("images/坦克.png", 1)
    self.player_sprite_list.append(self.player_sprite)
    self.lives = 3

1.3 键盘左右控制旋转角度

def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):

    if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
        self.player_sprite.change_angle = 3
    elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
        self.player_sprite.change_angle = -3
        
 def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):

    if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
        self.player_sprite.change_angle = 0
    elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
        self.player_sprite.change_angle = 0  

1.4 上下键按坦克目前方向前进与后退

1.4.1 设置坦克的基本信息

def __init__(self, filename, scale):
    # 调用图片
    super().__init__(filename, scale)

    # 前进的信息
    # 角度自动从父类传入。
    self.thrust = 0  # 前进动力，一直按键时，前进动力的增加
    self.speed = 0  # 速度
    self.max_speed = 4  # 最大速度，防止一直增加
    self.drag = 0.05  # 摩擦力

1.4.2 通过 上下键控制坦克的动力增减

def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):

    if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:

…
elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
self.player_sprite.thrust = 0.15
elif symbol == arcade.key.DOWN:
self.player_sprite.thrust = -.2
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
…
elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
self.player_sprite.thrust = 0
elif symbol == arcade.key.DOWN:.
self.player_sprite.thrust = 0

1.4.3 对精灵类的update进行修改

核心代码：self.change_x = -math.sin(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed
self.change_y = math.cos(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed

    def update(self):
        if self.speed > 0:
            self.speed -= self.drag
            if self.speed < 0:
                self.speed = 0

        if self.speed < 0:
            self.speed += self.drag
            if self.speed > 0:
                self.speed = 0

        self.speed += self.thrust
        if self.speed > self.max_speed:
            self.speed = self.max_speed
        if self.speed < -self.max_speed:
            self.speed = -self.max_speed

        self.change_x = -math.sin(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed
        self.change_y = math.cos(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed

        self.center_x += self.change_x
        self.center_y += self.change_y

        # 过界处理
....

        """ 调用父类update """
        super().update()

4、炮口位置

4.1初始

    # 炮台口位置
    self.paokou = 0, 0

4.2 可以通过旋转计算其位置

4.3 更简便的方法

不计算炮口位置，直接引用坦克中心位置，修改画面会制顺序，先给制子弹，再绘制角色，看其来正好从炮口位置发射。

4.4 代码实现

        if not self.player_sprite.respawning and symbol == arcade.key.SPACE:
            bullet_sprite = TurningSprite(":resources:images/space_shooter/"
                                          "laserBlue01.png",
                                          SCALE)
            bullet_sprite.guid = "Bullet"

            bullet_speed = 13
            bullet_sprite.change_y = \
                math.cos(math.radians(self.player_sprite.angle)) * bullet_speed
            bullet_sprite.change_x = \
                -math.sin(math.radians(self.player_sprite.angle)) \
                * bullet_speed

            bullet_sprite.center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x
            bullet_sprite.center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y
            bullet_sprite.update()

            self.bullet_list.append(bullet_sprite)

            arcade.play_sound(self.laser_sound, speed=random.random() * 3 + 0.5)

总效果及代码

"""
键盘控制角色任意角度旋转及前进后退
"""

import math
import arcade


SCREEN_width = 800
SCREEN_height = 650
SCREEN_title = "旋转角色"


class ShipSprite(arcade.Sprite):
    """
    旋转角色类
    """
    def __init__(self, filename, scale):
        # 调用图片
        super().__init__(filename, scale)

        # 前进的信息
        # 角度自动从父类传入。
        self.thrust = 0  # 前进动力，一直按键时，前进动力的增加
        self.speed = 0  # 速度
        self.max_speed = 4  # 最大速度，防止一直增加
        self.drag = 0.05  # 摩擦力
        # 炮台口位置
        self.paokou = 0, 0

        # 重生
        self.respawning = 0  # 重生计时器
        self.respawn()

    def respawn(self):
        """
        死而复生画面
        'respawning'重生计时器.
        """
        # 如果我们正在重生，这不能为零
        self.respawning = 1
        self.center_x = SCREEN_width / 2
        self.center_y = SCREEN_height / 2
        self.angle = 0

    def update(self):
        # 死后复生
        if self.respawning:
            self.respawning += 1
            self.alpha = self.respawning
            if self.respawning > 250:
                self.respawning = 0
                self.alpha = 255

        if self.speed > 0:
            self.speed -= self.drag
            if self.speed < 0:
                self.speed = 0

        if self.speed < 0:
            self.speed += self.drag
            if self.speed > 0:
                self.speed = 0

        self.speed += self.thrust
        if self.speed > self.max_speed:
            self.speed = self.max_speed
        if self.speed < -self.max_speed:
            self.speed = -self.max_speed

        self.change_x = -math.sin(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed
        self.change_y = math.cos(math.radians(self.angle)) * self.speed

        self.center_x += self.change_x
        self.center_y += self.change_y

        # 过界处理
        if self.right < 0:
            self.left = SCREEN_width

        if self.left > SCREEN_width:
            self.right = 0

        if self.bottom < 0:
            self.top = SCREEN_height

        if self.top > SCREEN_height:
            self.bottom = 0

        """ 调用父类update """
        super().update()


class MyGame(arcade.Window):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height, SCREEN_title)

        self.game_over = False

        # 坦克及子弹列表
        self.player_sprite_list = arcade.SpriteList()
        self.bullet_list = arcade.SpriteList()

        # 坦克
        self.score = 0
        self.player_sprite = None
        self.lives = 3

        # Sounds
        self.laser_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hurt5.wav")
        self.hit_sound1 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/explosion1.wav")
        self.hit_sound2 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/explosion2.wav")
        self.hit_sound3 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hit1.wav")
        self.hit_sound4 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hit2.wav")

        # Text
        self.text_score = None
        self.text_asteroid_count = None

    def start_new_game(self):

        self.game_over = False

        # 列表
        self.player_sprite_list = arcade.SpriteList()

        self.bullet_list = arcade.SpriteList()


        # 角色初始,图片正上方的角度为0
        self.score = 0
        self.player_sprite = ShipSprite("images/坦克.png", 1)
        self.player_sprite_list.append(self.player_sprite)
        self.lives = 3
        # self.player_sprite.angle=0
        # Create new text objects with initial values
        self.text_score = arcade.Text(
            f"角色角度: {self.player_sprite.angle}",
            start_x=10,
            start_y=70,
            font_size=13,
        )


    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()

        # Draw all the sprites.
        # self.asteroid_list.draw()
        # self.ship_life_list.draw()
        self.bullet_list.draw()
        self.player_sprite_list.draw()

        # Draw the text
        self.text_score.draw()
        # self.text_asteroid_count.draw()

    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):

        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.player_sprite.change_angle = 3
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.player_sprite.change_angle = -3
        elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
            self.player_sprite.thrust = 0.15
        elif symbol == arcade.key.DOWN:
            self.player_sprite.thrust = -.2

    def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):

        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.player_sprite.change_angle = 0
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.player_sprite.change_angle = 0
        elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
            self.player_sprite.thrust = 0
        elif symbol == arcade.key.DOWN:
            self.player_sprite.thrust = 0


    def on_update(self, x):
        """ Move everything """

        if not self.game_over:
            # self.asteroid_list.update()
            self.bullet_list.update()
            self.player_sprite_list.update()

        # Update the text objects
        self.text_score.text = f"角色角度: {self.player_sprite.angle}",
        # self.text_asteroid_count.text = f"Asteroid Count: {len(self.asteroid_list)}"


def main():
    """ Start the game """
    window = MyGame()
    window.start_new_game()
    arcade.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

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