稍微总结一下,否则总是忘。
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. x = 'abc'
2. def fetcher(obj, index):
3. return obj[index]
4.
5. fetcher(x, 4)
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
2. fetcher(x, 4)
3. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
4. return obj[index]
5. IndexError: string index out of range
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
第一: try不仅捕获异常,而且会恢复执行
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. print "continuing"
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. got exception
2. continuing
第二:无论try是否发生异常,finally总会执行
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. finally:
5. print 'after fecth'
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. after fecth
2. Traceback (most recent call last):
3. File "test.py", line 55, in <module>
4. catcher()
5. File "test.py", line 12, in catcher
6. fetcher(x, 4)
7. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
8. return obj[index]
9. IndexError: string index out of range
第三:try无异常,才会执行else
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. got exception
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 2)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. not exception
else作用:没有else语句,当执行完try语句后,无法知道是没有发生异常,还是发生了异常并被处理过了。通过else可以清楚的区分开。
第四:利用raise传递异常
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. raise
输出:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
1. got exception
2. Traceback (most recent call last):
3. File "test.py", line 37, in <module>
4. catcher()
5. File "test.py", line 22, in catcher
6. fetcher(x, 4)
7. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
8. return obj[index]
9. IndexError: string index out of range
raise语句不包括异常名称或额外资料时,会重新引发当前异常。如果希望捕获处理一个异常,而又不希望
异常在程序代码中消失,可以通过raise重新引发该异常。
第五:except(name1, name2)
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except(TypeError, IndexError):
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
[python] view plaincopyprint?
1. def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
第六:异常和sys模块
另一种获取异常信息的途径是通过sys模块中的exc_info()函数。该函数回返回一个三元组:(异常类,异常类的实例,跟中记录对象)
[python] view plaincopy
1. >>> try:
2. ... 1/0
3. ... except:
4. ... import sys
5. ... tuple = sys.exc_info()
6. ...
7. >>> print tuple
8. (<type 'exceptions.ZeroDivisionError'>, ZeroDivisionError('integer division or modulo by zero',), <traceback object at 0x7f538a318b48>)
9. >>> for i in tuple:
10.... print i
11....
12.<type 'exceptions.ZeroDivisionError'> #异常类
13.integer division or modulo by zero #异常类的实例
14.<traceback object at 0x7f538a318b48> #跟踪记录对象