python设计经典Pong 游戏

coursera课程上的第四个课程mini-project
设计经典的ponggame
游戏的介绍和说明参见http://www.ponggame.org/
在具体求解过程中的步骤如下
1，初始化各个变量（canvas尺寸，paddle尺寸，中间线，）
2，spawn_ball（）函数的编写，此函数作用可以在初始game中进行调用，同时每次状态结束时怎样产生新的状态，初始变量的设置包括设定小球的起始位置和速度方向
3，new_game()函数的编写，此函数用于游戏处初始状态的说明，全局变两种score1和score2的初始化
4，定义event handler 具体包括以下
4.1 draw（canvas）函数，包括中间线各个paddle1,2,边缘线的画出，更新小球，此时首先分为上下、左右的更新，上下的更新较为简单，只需考虑球的竖直分量，不考虑paddle；左右的更新需要在判断球是否成功碰到paddle，需要在if中内嵌一个条件判断，如果成功碰到，球速增加1.1倍，如果没有碰撞上paddle，在对方的界面处产生新的小球并且对方得分。
draw ball, score显示的draw text()
设计keydown和keyup保证paddle的正常滑行
5，create frame
create frame
frame = simplegui.create_frame(“Pong”, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
frame.set_draw_handler(draw)
frame.set_keydown_handler(keydown)
frame.set_keyup_handler(keyup)
6 开始
new_game()
frame.start()

最后的python 程序如下

# Implementation of classic arcade game Pong

import simplegui
import random

# initialize globals - pos and vel encode vertical info for paddles
WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 400       
BALL_RADIUS = 20
PAD_WIDTH = 8
PAD_HEIGHT = 80
HALF_PAD_WIDTH = PAD_WIDTH / 2
HALF_PAD_HEIGHT = PAD_HEIGHT / 2
LEFT = False
RIGHT = True
ball_vel=[0,0]
score1=0
score2=0

# initialize ball_pos and ball_vel for new bal in middle of table
# if direction is RIGHT, the ball's velocity is upper right, else upper left
def spawn_ball(direction):
    global ball_pos, ball_vel # these are vectors stored as lists
    ball_pos=[WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2]
    ball_vel=[random.randrange(120,240),random.randrange(60,180)]

    if (direction==LEFT):
        ball_vel[0]=-ball_vel[0]
        ball_vel[1]=-ball_vel[1]
    elif(direction==RIGHT):
        ball_vel[1]=-ball_vel[1]


# define event handlers
def new_game():
    global paddle1_pos, paddle2_pos, paddle1_vel, paddle2_vel  # these are numbers
    global score1, score2  # these are ints
    paddle1_pos=HEIGHT/2
    paddle2_pos=HEIGHT/2
    paddle1_vel=0
    paddle2_vel=0
    spawn_ball(LEFT)


def draw(canvas):
    global score1, score2, paddle1_pos, paddle2_pos, ball_pos, ball_vel


    # draw mid line and gutters
    canvas.draw_line([WIDTH / 2, 0],[WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT], 1, "White")
    canvas.draw_line([PAD_WIDTH, 0],[PAD_WIDTH, HEIGHT], 1, "White")
    canvas.draw_line([WIDTH - PAD_WIDTH, 0],[WIDTH - PAD_WIDTH, HEIGHT], 1, "White")

    # update ball
    if (ball_pos[1]<=BALL_RADIUS)or(ball_pos[1]>=HEIGHT-BALL_RADIUS):
        ball_vel[1]=-ball_vel[1]
          # ball_pos[1]+=ball_vel[1]
    if (ball_pos[0]-BALL_RADIUS-PAD_WIDTH<=0):
        if ((paddle1_pos-PAD_HEIGHT/2)<=ball_pos[1]<=(PAD_HEIGHT/2+paddle1_pos)):
            ball_vel[0]=-ball_vel[0]
            ball_vel[0]=1.1*ball_vel[0]
            ball_vel[1]=1.1*ball_vel[1]
        else:
            spawn_ball(RIGHT)
            score2+=1
    if (WIDTH-BALL_RADIUS-PAD_WIDTH-ball_pos[0]<=0):
        if ((paddle2_pos-PAD_HEIGHT/2)<=ball_pos[1]<=(PAD_HEIGHT/2+paddle2_pos)):
            ##judge the right side whether it correct
            ball_vel[0]=-ball_vel[0]
            ball_vel[0]=1.1*ball_vel[0]
            ball_vel[1]=1.1*ball_vel[1]
        else:
            spawn_ball(LEFT)
            score1+=1
    ball_pos[0]+=ball_vel[0]/60
    ball_pos[1]+=ball_vel[1]/60

    # draw ball
    canvas.draw_circle(ball_pos,BALL_RADIUS,2,"Red","White")
    # update paddle's vertical position, keep paddle on the screen
    if (PAD_HEIGHT/2<=paddle1_pos+paddle1_vel<=HEIGHT-PAD_HEIGHT/2):
        paddle1_pos+=paddle1_vel
    if (PAD_HEIGHT/2<=paddle2_pos+paddle2_vel<=HEIGHT-PAD_HEIGHT/2):
        paddle2_pos+=paddle2_vel
    # draw paddles
    canvas.draw_line([PAD_WIDTH/2,paddle1_pos-PAD_HEIGHT/2],[PAD_WIDTH/2,paddle1_pos+PAD_HEIGHT/2],PAD_WIDTH,"White")
    canvas.draw_line([WIDTH-PAD_WIDTH/2,paddle2_pos-PAD_HEIGHT/2],[WIDTH-PAD_WIDTH/2,paddle2_pos+PAD_HEIGHT/2],PAD_WIDTH,"White")
    # determine whether paddle and ball collide    

    # draw scores
    canvas.draw_text(str(score1),(230,80),50,"White") 
    canvas.draw_text(str(score2),(350,80),50,"White")  
def keydown(key):
    global paddle1_vel, paddle2_vel
    acc=4
    if key==simplegui.KEY_MAP["w"]:
        paddle1_vel=-acc
    elif key==simplegui.KEY_MAP["s"]:
        paddle1_vel=acc
    elif key==simplegui.KEY_MAP["up"]:
        paddle2_vel=-acc
    elif key==simplegui.KEY_MAP["down"]:
        paddle2_vel=acc

def keyup(key):
    global paddle1_vel, paddle2_vel
    if (key == simplegui.KEY_MAP['w'] or key == simplegui.KEY_MAP['s']):    
        paddle1_vel = 0     
    if (key == simplegui.KEY_MAP['up'] or key == simplegui.KEY_MAP['down']):    
        paddle2_vel = 0 


# create frame
frame = simplegui.create_frame("Pong", WIDTH, HEIGHT)
frame.set_draw_handler(draw)
frame.set_keydown_handler(keydown)
frame.set_keyup_handler(keyup)


# start frame
new_game()
frame.start()