matplotlib---散点图

散点图的应用场景：

• 不同条件（维度）之间的内在关联关系
• 观察数据的离散聚合程度

案例

现在有2016年北京市3月和10月每天的最高气温，请画图展示变化趋势，找出规律

三月份：[11,17,16,11,12,11,13,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,2,23]
十月份：[26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6,10]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager


y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,13,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,2,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6,10]

x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)



# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3)
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10)

# 展示
plt.show()

完善x轴以及描述信息

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc')

# 北京2016年3月和10月每天的最高气温,寻找规律
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,13,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,2,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6,10]

x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)

plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)

# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label='三月')
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label='十月')

# 调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_xticks_labels = ['3月{}日'.format(i) for i in x_3]
_xticks_labels += ['10月{}日'.format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xticks_labels[::3], rotation=45, fontproperties=my_font)

# 添加描述信息
plt.xlabel('3,10月', fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel('气温 单位(摄氏度)', fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title('3,10两个月每天的最高气温的变化情况', fontproperties=my_font)

plt.legend(prop=my_font, loc='upper left')

# 展示
plt.show()

 

总结：

散点图的绘制方法为：plt.scatter(x, y)，其他的和折线图一样