建议大家用eclipse for c++开发啊~~~ 好用!
至于具体的通信过程,网上一大堆。
不解释,详细解释都在代码注释里了。
客户端代码:
client.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define DEST_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main() {
/* socket文件描述符 */
int sock_fd;
/* 建立udp socket */
sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sock_fd < 0) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
/* 定义一个连接的地址结构体 address */
struct sockaddr_in addr_serv;
int len;
memset(&addr_serv, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
//************* 设置协议族 即IPV4 ************//
addr_serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
//************* 设置连接的服务器端口 ************//
//端口号和IP地址都是以 网络字节存储的,需要重新排序
addr_serv.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //转换为网络字节序, 小端 -> 大端
//************* 设置连接的服务器地址 ************//
//第0种写法,用INADDR_ANY代表服务器地址
/* INADDR_ANY 表示不管是哪个网卡接收到数据,只要端口号对应,就会被该程序接收 */
//addr_serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY );
//第1种地址转换方法(点分10进制,转换为in_addr_t 类型)
addr_serv.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //出错返回INADDR_NONE
//第2种
//inet_aton("127.0.0.1", &addr_serv.sin_addr);
//************* 设置连接的服务器地址 ************//
len = sizeof(addr_serv);
//************* 获取本机mac地址 可忽略 ************//
struct ifreq ifr;
ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, "eth0", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
ioctl(sock_fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
printf("我是客户端,我的MAC地址:");
printf("%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x\n",
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5]);
//获取mac地址结束,
int recv_num;
int send_num;
char send_buf[20] = "Hi, I am the client";
char recv_buf[20]; //接收缓存
//**************给服务器发送数据 *************//
//相比TCP,UDP节省了connect函数,即3次握手,可以直接发送数据
//int sendto (int socket, void *buffer. size_t size, int flags, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t length)
send_num = sendto(sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &addr_serv, len);
printf("客户端说:%s\n", send_buf);
if(send_num < 0){
perror("sendto error");
exit(1);
}
//**************接收服务器数据 *************//
//int recvfrom (int socket, void *buffer, size_t size, int flags, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *length-ptr)
recv_num = recvfrom(sock_fd, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&addr_serv,(socklen_t *)len);
recv_buf[recv_num] = '\0';
printf("客户端收到: %d bytes : %s\n", recv_num, recv_buf);
close(sock_fd);
return 0;
}
服务器端代码:
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main() {
/* socket文件描述符 */
int sock_fd;
/* 建立udp socket */
sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sock_fd < 0) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
/* 设置 address */
struct sockaddr_in addr_serv;
int len;
memset(&addr_serv, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
addr_serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
//htons含义:h:host n:network s:short l:long l:long
addr_serv.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //转换为网络字节序, 小端 -> 大端
/* INADDR_ANY 表示不管是哪个网卡接收到数据,只要端口号对应,就会被该程序接收 */
addr_serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY );
len = sizeof(addr_serv);
/* 绑定 socket */
// int bind (int socket, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t length)
if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr_serv, sizeof(addr_serv)) < 0) {
perror("bind error:");
exit(1);
}
int recv_num;
int send_num;
char send_buf[20] = "i am server!";
char recv_buf[20]; //接收缓存
struct sockaddr_in addr_client;
//获取本机mac地址
struct ifreq ifr;
ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, "eth0", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
ioctl(sock_fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
printf("我是服务器,我的MAC地址:");
printf("%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x\n",
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4],
(unsigned char) ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5]);
//循环等待
while (1) {
printf("server wait:\n");
/* recvfrom() 从基于UDP的套接口接收数据,包括发送者的IP地址。因为数据包可能来自任何主机
* flag=0, 常规读取,等同read()函数。 flag=MSG_PEEK,读数据但不刷新读缓冲区。MSG——OOB,读带外数据,普通数据被忽略 */
recv_num = recvfrom(sock_fd, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &addr_client, (socklen_t *) &len);
if (recv_num < 0) {
perror("recvfrom error:");
exit(1);
}
recv_buf[recv_num] = '\0';
printf("服务端收到: %d bytes: %s\n", recv_num, recv_buf);
//给客户端发送数据
send_num = sendto(sock_fd, send_buf, recv_num, 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &addr_client, len);
printf("服务器说:%s\n",send_buf);
if (send_num < 0) {
perror("sendto error:");
exit(1);
}
}
close(sock_fd);
return 0;
}