Ubuntu20.4 深度学习环境配置及使用总结
声明:个人使用总结,仅供参考。
最近遇到一些在WINDOWS下无法完成的任务,被逼无奈,重回Linux。
windows下系统安装
- 1 在硬盘上压缩出一块空间
- 2 制作U盘镜像,设置U盘启动
- 3 在启动界面进入Ubuntu,对空白盘进行分区
/boot, /, /home, /swap - 4 设置启动分区为/boot
- 5 ubuntu20.04配置国内apt源
环境配置
- 进入Ubuntu系统,利用“软件和更新==》附加驱动”,选择NVIDIA-dirver-metapackage-450,更新驱动。(也可以事先下载好驱动,手动安装,参考:https://blog.csdn.net/lihe4151021/article/details/90083431)
- 安装CUDA-10.1,
提示错误: Failed to verify gcc version. See log at /var/log/cuda-installer.log for details.
原因是gcc版本过高,按照ubuntu20安装gcc_Ubuntu20.04安装cuda10.1 - 理想几岁更改gcc版本和优先权 - 重新安装CUDA-10.1,按照安装完成后的显示信息,添加环境变量
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
- 解压cudnn,移动带/usr/local/cuda时出错,sudo cp -r include /usr/local/cuda/
错误:cp: 无法以目录’include’ 来覆盖非目录’/usr/local/cuda/include’
原因:出现这种情况是 Linux 拷贝文件时权限不够,运行命令 sudo nautilus,
打开一个具有管理员权限的文件管理器,然后就可以在不切换到管理员的条件下拷贝文件,然后进行复制粘贴,成功
安装Anaconda3
- sudo bash anaconda3-linux-
在安装目录时,设置了/usr/local/anaconda3,结果可能是用户权限的原因,一直在/usr/ocal/下,找不到文件,并且在~/.bashrc添加了环境变量,仍然无法找到conda(后来发现是路径名称写错了,local写成了lcoal…),无奈,通过文件搜索找到/usr/local/anaconda3,然后删除,将anaconda3重新安装在了/home/username/Programiles/anaconda3下面,设置环境变量,成功
安装pycharm
https://www.jb51.net/article/185785.htm
安装pytorch1.5.1, torchvision0.6.0
- 要注意安装和自己CUDA版本对应的pytorch,如果添加了清华源,pip install 直接安装,速度很快,但是看了下清华源的对应torch包,并没有指定CUDA版本(经测试安装的torch可以使用)。
为了以防万一,还是建议:
– 要么利用pytorch官方给定的命令安装(网速慢)
– 在官网手动下载对应的wheelhttps://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
遇到的问题
- 编译时提示找不到路径:unable to execute ‘:/usr/local/cuda-10.1:/usr/local/cuda-10.1/bin/nvcc’: No such file or directory. 解决方法: 看了下在bashrc里已经添加了CUDA_HOME,关机重启依然出错。原因可能是export方式不对:
javascript export CUDA_HOME=$CUDA_HOME$/usr/local/cuda-10.1
,这样每次刷新bashrc,发现CUDA_HOME都会添加一次该路径。最后修改为CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-10.1问题解决 - 运行tensorflow出错:
Could not load dynamic library 'libcudnn.so.7'; dlerror: libcudnn.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory; LD_LIBRARY_PATH: /usr/local/cuda-10.1/lib64:/usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib
原因:安装的CUDA10.1,默认的CUDNN版本=7.6.5,我安装的8.0.2,执行以下代码创建软连接成功解决
cd /usr/local/cuda-10.1/lib64
sudo chmod +r libcudnn.so.7.6.5
sudo ln -sf libcudnn.so.7.6.5 libcudnn.so.7
sudo ln -sf libcudnn.so.7 libcudnn.so
sudo ldconfig
- 利用torch训练时出现错误(windows下无此错误):
```qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "/home/zzc/anaconda3/envs/SmartConstruction/lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2/qt/plugins/platforms/" even though it was found.
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized.
Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Available platform plugins are: xcb (from /home/zzc/anaconda3/envs/SmartConstruction/lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2/qt/plugins/platforms/), eglfs, linuxfb,
minimal, minimalegl, offscreen, vnc, wayland-egl, wayland,
wayland-xcomposite-egl, wayland-xcomposite-glx, webgl, xcb. ```
费了很大劲,尝试了如下几种方法:
- sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxext-dev libxtst-dev
sudo apt-get install xlibmesa-gl-dev libglu1-mesa-dev
结果提示:E: 无法修正错误,因为您要求某些软件包保持现状,就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关,上网查了很多方法,无法解决,最后重装了系统。。。。。
重装后可以成功运行上面两条命令,可是错误依然存在。。。。- 重装PyQt5,无效
- 安装pencv-contrib-python,重装opencv-python无效
- 在训练文件的开头加上:
envpath = ‘/data/xx/xx/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/cv2/qt/plugins/platforms’
os.environ[‘QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH’] = envpath, 无效 - sudo apt-get install libxcb-xinerama0 ,成功。这篇文章写的很好:https://www.jb51.net/article/193024.htm
千万不能随便安装系统。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。费神费力。
- 安装gcc,g++编译器出错,E: 无法定位软件包 gcc-7
原因是添加的Ubuntu镜像源不够,找不到相应的包:
# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#网易源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse