.net core 实例教程（二）使用Migration工具创建数据库

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本文在项目中使用Migration工具创建数据库，主要包括三个方面的内容，一是在SignUp.Domain项目中创建数据库实体类，二是在SignUp.Infrastructure创建数据库实体配置，也就是实体属性与数据库字段的对应关系配置，三是创建DbContext类，数据库连接存放系统环境变量里面。

项目创建了WebApplicationBuilderExtensions类用于写相关配置代码，如数据库连接配置、Swagger、Cors、Redis等配置。以及实体类的一些基类。

 一、包引用

SignUp.Common 项目安装如下包：

Install-Package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore、

Install-Package System.Data.SqlClient

Install-Package AsmResolver.DotNet  -Version 5.0.1

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore -Version 7.0.3

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -Version 7.0.3

Install-Package MediatR

SignUp.Infrastructure项目安装如下包：

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore -Version 7.0.3

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -Version 7.0.3

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools -Version 7.0.3

SignUp.WebApi项目安装如下包：

Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design -Version 7.0.3

二、创建相关实体类

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public record SysUser : IAggregateRoot {     public Guid Id { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 用户名     /// </summary>     public string UserName { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 用户密码     /// </summary>     private string Password;     /// <summary>     /// 真实姓名     /// </summary>     public string? RealName { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 用户类型     /// </summary>     public string? UserType { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 角色Id     /// </summary>     public Guid? RoleId { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 角色     /// </summary>     public string? RoleName { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 是否禁用     /// </summary>     public bool IsDisable { get; set; } } public record SysRole : IAggregateRoot {     public Guid Id { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 角色名称     /// </summary>     public string Name { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 备注     /// </summary>     public string? Remark { get; set; } } public record SysRoleDetails {     public Guid Id { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 角色Id     /// </summary>     public Guid RoleId { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 菜单Id     /// </summary>     public Guid MenuId { get; set; } } public record SysMenu :BaseEntity, IAggregateRoot {     /// <summary>     /// 菜单名称     /// </summary>     public string Name { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 菜单分类     /// </summary>     public string? Sort { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 父层Id     /// </summary>     public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 路由权限值     /// </summary>     public string? RouterName { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 菜单级别     /// </summary>     public int Level { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 备注     /// </summary>     public string? Remark { get; set; }     public SysMenu[] Children { get; set; } } public record SysConfig : IAggregateRoot {     public float Id { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 名称     /// </summary>     public string Name { get; set; }     /// <summary>     /// 值     /// </summary>     public string Value { get; set; } }

三、创建实体配置类

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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders; using SignUp.Domain.Entities; namespace SignUp.Infrastructure.Configs {     public class SysMenuConfig : IEntityTypeConfiguration<SysMenu>     {         public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<SysMenu> builder)         {             builder.ToTable("SysMenu");             builder.HasKey(f => f.Id);             builder.Property(f => f.Name).HasMaxLength(200).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Property(f => f.Sort).HasMaxLength(20).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Property(f => f.Remark).HasMaxLength(400).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Ignore(f => f.Children);         }     }     public class SysRoleConfig : IEntityTypeConfiguration<SysRole>     {         public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<SysRole> builder)         {             builder.ToTable("SysRole");             builder.HasKey(f => f.Id);             builder.Property(f => f.Name).HasMaxLength(200).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Property(f => f.Remark).HasMaxLength(400).IsUnicode(true);         }     }     public class SysRoleDetailsConfig : IEntityTypeConfiguration<SysRoleDetails>     {         public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<SysRoleDetails> builder)         {             builder.ToTable("SysRoleDetails");             builder.HasKey(f => f.Id);         }     }     public class SysMenuConfig : IEntityTypeConfiguration<SysMenu>     {         public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<SysMenu> builder)         {             builder.ToTable("SysMenu");             builder.HasKey(f => f.Id);             builder.Property(f => f.Name).HasMaxLength(200).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Property(f => f.Sort).HasMaxLength(20).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Property(f => f.Remark).HasMaxLength(400).IsUnicode(true);             builder.Ignore(f => f.Children);         }     } }

四、创建DbContext

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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using SignUp.Domain.Entities; using System.Reflection; namespace SignUp.Infrastructure {     public class SignUpDbContext : DbContext     {         public DbSet<RecruitBase> RecruitBase { get; set; }         public DbSet<RecruitPosition> RecruitPosition { get; set; }         public DbSet<RecruitUser> RecruitUser { get; set; }         public DbSet<TalentBase> TalentBase { get; set; }         public DbSet<TalentBaseCheck> TalentBaseCheck { get; set; }         public DbSet<TalentEnterviewTicket> TalentEnterviewTicket { get; set; }         public DbSet<TalentWrittenTicket> TalentWrittenTicket { get; set; }         public DbSet<SysLog> SysLog { get; set; }         public DbSet<SysMenu> SysMenu { get; set; }         public DbSet<SysUser> SysUser { get; set; }         public DbSet<SysRole> SysRole { get; set; }         public DbSet<SysRoleDetails> SysRoleDetails { get; set; }         public DbSet<TalentFile> TalentFile { get; set; }         public SignUpDbContext(DbContextOptions<SignUpDbContext> opt) : base(opt)         {         }         protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)         {             base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);             modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());         }     } }

五、创建DbContextFactory类供Migration工具操作数据库使用

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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; namespace SignUp.Infrastructure {     //migration操作数据库使用     public class DbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<SignUpDbContext>     {         public SignUpDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)         {             var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<SignUpDbContext>();             //从appsettings.json获取数据库连接             //IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()             //    .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())             //    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")             //    .Build();             //string connStr = configuration.GetValue<string>("DefaultDB:ConnStr");             //从环境变量里面获取数据库连接             IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddEnvironmentVariables().Build();             string connStr = configuration.GetValue<string>("DefaultDB:ConnStr");             builder.UseSqlServer(connStr);             return new SignUpDbContext(builder.Options);         }     } }

六、执行Migration命令创建数据库

Add-Migration init

Update-database

附：WebApplicationBuilderExtensions源码

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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using SignUp.Common.Commons; using SignUp.Common.EFCore; using SignUp.Common.EFCore.DBConfiguration; using System.Data.SqlClient; namespace SignUp.Common.Initializer {     public static class WebApplicationBuilderExtensions     {         public static void ConfigureDbConfiguration(this WebApplicationBuilder builder)         {             //从数据库中读取相关配置信息，如Redis链接             builder.Host.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostCtx, configBuilder) =>             {                 //不能使用ConfigureAppConfiguration中的configBuilder去读取配置，否则就循环调用了，因此这里直接自己去读取配置文件                 //读取appsettings.json文件配置                 //var configRoot = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json").Build();                 //string connStr = configRoot.GetValue<string>("DefaultDB:ConnStr");                 //读取环境变量配置                 //string connStr = builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("DefaultDB:ConnStr");                 //configBuilder.AddDbConfiguration(() => new SqlConnection(connStr), reloadOnChange: true, reloadInterval: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));             });         }         public static void ConfigureExtraServices(this WebApplicationBuilder builder, InitializerOptions initOptions)         {             IServiceCollection services = builder.Services;             IConfiguration configuration = builder.Configuration;             var assemblies = ReflectionHelper.GetAllReferencedAssemblies();             //配置数据库链接             services.AddAllDbContexts(ctx =>             {                 //连接字符串如果放到appsettings.json中，会有泄密的风险                 //如果放到UserSecrets中，每个项目都要配置，很麻烦                 //因此这里推荐放到环境变量中。                 string connStr = configuration.GetValue<string>("DefaultDB:ConnStr");                 ctx.UseSqlServer(connStr);             }, assemblies);         }     } }

项目解决方案截图如下：

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附：.net core 实例教程（二）使用Migration工具创建数据库