GROUP BY语句将某(几)列含有相同值的行进行汇总,比如找出同一个国家的所有客户的数量。
GROUP BY语句通常与聚合函数一起使用,比如COUNT( ) , MAX( ), MIN( ), AVG( ), SUM( ),将结果集按照一列或几列进行分类。
使用语法:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
ORDER BY column_name(s);
演示数据库:
下面是一个例子数据库中的Customers表的一部分内容:
CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
1 | Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 05021 | Mexico |
3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 05023 | Mexico |
4 | Around the Horn | Thomas Hardy | 120 Hanover Sq. | London | WA1 1DP | UK |
5 | Berglunds snabbköp | Christina Berglund | Berguvsvägen 8 | Luleå | S-958 22 | Sweden |
下面SQL语句找出同一个国家的客户数目:
SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country;
找出同一国家客户数目并排序:
SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC;
还可以使用复杂的符合,比如将JOIN语句和GROUP BY语句组合起来:
SELECT Shippers.ShipperName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders FROM Orders
LEFT JOIN Shippers ON Orders.ShipperID = Shippers.ShipperID
GROUP BY ShipperName;