Yolo-V4数据增强

数据增强方式：调整亮度，对比度，色调，随机缩放，剪切，翻转，旋转等；

Mosaic data augmentation：

1. Mixup：两张图象按照不同的比例混合，分类结果按照混合比例分配；
2. Cutout：随机将图片中的区域大小（个人观点裁剪区域图像大小为0.25左右较为合适，比例再大准确率下降明显）裁剪用0填充，结果分类不发生变化；
3. Cutmix：随机裁剪图像的区域大小，不填充0而是随机选择其他样本的裁剪区域大小填充，结果根据裁剪填充的比例分类【Cutmix = Mixup + Cutout】。
   对比：
   Mixup和Cutmix：前者是将两张图根据设定比例插值融合，如图所示，若隐若现。
   Cutout和Cutmix：前者对随机区域大小使用0填充，后者两张图像的填充。而yolo中类似cutmix使用4张图。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np

# cutmix和mixup的实现代码
def rand_bbox(size, lam):
     """
     随机生成裁剪框大小区域
     输入参数：图像大小，和随机生成的参数lambda
     """
    W = size[2]
    H = size[3]
    # 计算裁剪框区域大小的w和h；
    cut_rat = np.sqrt(1. - lam)
    cut_w = np.int(W * cut_rat)
    cut_h = np.int(H * cut_rat)

    # uniform
    # randint函数计算中心点，此处计算中心点
    cx = np.random.randint(W)
    cy = np.random.randint(H)
    # 裁剪区域大小不能超过W和H
    bbx1 = np.clip(cx - cut_w // 2, 0, W)
    bby1 = np.clip(cy - cut_h // 2, 0, H)
    bbx2 = np.clip(cx + cut_w // 2, 0, W)
    bby2 = np.clip(cy + cut_h // 2, 0, H)
    # 返回四个点
    return bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2
def cutmix(data, targets1, targets2, targets3, alpha):
    indices = torch.randperm(data.size(0))
    shuffled_data = data[indices]
    shuffled_targets1 = targets1[indices]
    shuffled_targets2 = targets2[indices]
    shuffled_targets3 = targets3[indices]

    lam = np.random.beta(alpha, alpha) # 随机生成lambda，符合beta分布
    bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2 = rand_bbox(data.size(), lam) # 获得裁剪框
    data[:, :, bbx1:bbx2, bby1:bby2] = data[indices, :, bbx1:bbx2, bby1:bby2]
    # adjust lambda to exactly match pixel ratio
    lam = 1 - ((bbx2 - bbx1) * (bby2 - bby1) / (data.size()[-1] * data.size()[-2]))

    targets = [targets1, shuffled_targets1, targets2, shuffled_targets2, targets3, shuffled_targets3, lam]
    return data, targets

def mixup(data, targets1, targets2, targets3, alpha):
    indices = torch.randperm(data.size(0))
    shuffled_data = data[indices]
    shuffled_targets1 = targets1[indices]
    shuffled_targets2 = targets2[indices]
    shuffled_targets3 = targets3[indices]

    lam = np.random.beta(alpha, alpha)
    data = data * lam + shuffled_data * (1 - lam)
    targets = [targets1, shuffled_targets1, targets2, shuffled_targets2, targets3, shuffled_targets3, lam]

    return data, targets


def cutmix_criterion(preds1,preds2,preds3, targets):
    targets1, targets2,targets3, targets4,targets5, targets6, lam = targets[0], targets[1], targets[2], targets[3], targets[4], targets[5], targets[6]
    criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='mean') # 交叉熵损失计算
    return lam * criterion(preds1, targets1) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds1, targets2) + lam * criterion(preds2, targets3) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds2, targets4) + lam * criterion(preds3, targets5) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds3, targets6)

def mixup_criterion(preds1,preds2,preds3, targets):
    targets1, targets2,targets3, targets4,targets5, targets6, lam = targets[0], targets[1], targets[2], targets[3], targets[4], targets[5], targets[6]
    criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='mean')
    return lam * criterion(preds1, targets1) + (1 - lam) * criterion(pr