2023-2024-1 20232805《Linux内核原理与分析》第三周作业

姓名 胡子宸 

0.打开shell

（编译内核之后就看不到之前的代码了，下图是实验环境断了之后重新做的）

$ cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4

进入Linux内核源码所在目录

$ rm -rf mykernel

递归删除mykernel文件夹

$ patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch

打一个补丁，该补丁被用于当前目录的Linux内核源码

$ make allnoconfig

生成默认配置文件

$ make

根据刚才生成的配置文件编译内核，完成之后如下图

$ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage

使用qemu虚拟机加载刚刚编译的内核（是个死循环）

1.完成时间片乱转多道程序内核代码

关闭死循环，并cd mykernel，代码内已添加额外注释来分析

1.1 mypcb.h

来源于mooc

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4//最大任务数
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*8//内核栈大小
 
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long       ip;//指令指针
    unsigned long       sp;//栈顶指针
};
//线程结构体，包含指令指针和栈顶指针
 
typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;//进程号
    volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ // CPU状态
    char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */

    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long   task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
//定义的pcb结构体包含以下几项：1.某个进程的CPU状态 2.该进程的内核栈
 
void my_schedule(void);//定义一个函数

1.2 mymain.c

这是原本的mymain.c，死循环，无跳出条件，符合i%100000==0时输出当前i值

来源于mooc

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 
 
#include "mypcb.h"
 
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
 
void my_process(void);
 
 
void __init my_start_kernel(void)//建立一组任务
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
    asm volatile(
        "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"     /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
        "pushl %1\n\t"          /* push ebp */
        "pushl %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
        "ret\n\t"               /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        :
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}  
void my_process(void)//每组任务实际上只是循环
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
                my_schedule();//用于切换任务
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }    
    }
}

该main函数模拟多任务运行

1.3 myinterrupt.c

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 
#include "mypcb.h"
 
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
 
/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)//计时器相关程序
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)//满足该条件时触发任务调度
                                                  //即my_need_sched=1
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    }
    time_count ++ ; 
#endif
    return;    
}
 
void my_schedule(void)//任务调度器
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;
 
    if(my_current_task == NULL
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    //满足上述条件时切换到下个任务
    {
        /* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(  
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t"
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
            //保存当前任务的ip、sp
        );
        my_current_task = next;//指向即将开始的任务（下一个）
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);     
    }
    else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
        /* switch to new process */
        asm volatile(  
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t"
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );         
    }  
    return;
}

该函数模拟任务调度器

1.4 重新编译之后的实验结果

修改完三个文件之后回到上级目录重新make，再加载内核，结果如下