基于mykernel 的Linux 实验报告

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-06 14:52:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-06 14:52:19 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42888394/article/details/88410117

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这篇实验报告详细介绍了如何基于mykernel的Linux系统进行进程启动、切换机制的分析。通过编译和运行实验代码，理解操作系统工作流程，特别是my_start_kernel函数、my_process函数和my_schedule函数的实现，展示了时间片轮转调度算法。实验旨在深入理解进程管理和操作系统的工作原理。

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基于mykernel 的Linux 实验报告
原创作品，转载请注明出处。
本次实验源码及相关实验资源：https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/
学号：SA18225450
学号后三位：450
实验环境：实验楼的虚拟机
实验楼网址： https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/running
注：不是指思贤楼
实验目的：
分析进程的启动和进程的切换机制，理解操作系统的工作流程。

流程：
1.在终端依次输入
cd LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
rm -rf mykernel
patch -p1 < …/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
在这里插入图片描述
make allnoconfig
make ＃
等编译完成：
输入命令：qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
会一直显示 my rimrt handler here

在这里插入图片描述

从 https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 获取实验代码，拷贝到实验楼的虚拟机里，进行重新编译。

在这里插入图片描述

源码分析：
mypcb.h ：

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
 *
 *  Kernel internal PCB types
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
 
#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*8
 
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long		ip;
    unsigned long		sp;
};
 
typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;
    volatile long state;	/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long	task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
 
void my_schedule(void);

在mypcb.h中,定义了一个结构体Thread，其中有ip，sp两个变量。
结构PCB是进程管理块，包括进程的标识符pid，进程状态state, stack,thread，入口函数task_entry，一个next指针。

mymain.c

/*
	 *  linux/mykernel/mymain.c
	 *
	 *  Kernel internal my_start_kernel
	 *
	 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
	 *
	 */
	#include <linux/types.h>
	#include <linux/string.h>
	#include <linux/ctype.h>
	#include <linux/tty.h>
	#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 
 
	#include "mypcb.h"
 
	tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
	tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
	volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
 
	void my_process(void);
 
 
	void __init my_start_kernel(void)
	{
		int pid = 0;
		int i;
		/* Initialize process 0*/
		task[pid].pid = pid;
		task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
		task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
		task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
		task[pid].next = &task[pid];
		/*fork more process */
		for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
		{
			memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
			task[i].pid = i;
			task[i].state = -1;
			task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
			task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
			task[i-1].next = &task[i];
		}
		/* start process 0 by task[0] */
		pid = 0;
		my_current_task = &task[pid];
		asm volatile(
			"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" 	/* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
			"pushl %1\n\t" 	        /* push ebp */
			"pushl %0\n\t" 	        /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
			"ret\n\t" 	            /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
			"popl %%ebp\n\t"
			: 
			: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)	/* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
		);
	}   
	void my_process(void)
	{
		int i = 0;
		while(1)
		{
			i++;
			if(i%10000000 == 0)
			{
				printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
				if(my_need_sched == 1)
				{
					my_need_sched = 0;
					my_schedule();
				}
				printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
			}     
		}
	}

my_start_kernel函数：
1.初始化进程0，使pcb的指针指向进程0
2.初始化其余的进程
3.开始运行0号进程
（从第一个进程开始）

my_process函数：循环并输出语句以及切换进程

myinterrupt.c：`

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_timer_handler
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;     
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {        
        my_current_task = next; 
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);  
        /* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        ); 
    }  
    return; 
}

myinterrupt.c用于产生中断以及实现进程切换

my_time_handler：

void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;      
}

可见my_time_handler（）用于每1000毫秒产生一次中断，发生中断时，将my_need_sched = 1并输出语句，my_need_sched用于mymain.c中进程的切换。

my_schedule函数：

  tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;

if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {
        /* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(    
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"         /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */    
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"                 /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        ); 
        my_current_task = next; 
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);       
    }
else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
        /* switch to new process */
        asm volatile(    
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"         /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */    
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"                 /* restore  eip */
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );          
    }

1.初始化两个pcb结构next，prev
2.判断下一个进程的state状态，为0则切换到下一个进程。
3若不为0，执行新的进程。

以上函数实现了简单的时间片轮转算法，给每个进程分配一个时间片，时间片结束后运行下一个进程，而当进程在其所在时间片结束前就结束或者阻塞时，立即运行新的进程，这就是时间片轮转算法的原理。以上的实验以及对孟老师源码的分析让我更加的深入了解了这一过程，使我受益匪浅。