字符设备驱动——设备树模型个人理解

1.在设备树根节点下添加设备节点

#define GROUP_PIN(g,p) ((g<<16) | (p))

/ {
	100ask_led@0 {
		compatible = "100as,leddrv";
		pin = <GROUP_PIN(3, 1)>;
	};

	100ask_led@1 {
		compatible = "100as,leddrv";
		pin = <GROUP_PIN(5, 8)>;
	};

};

（1）在设备树根节点下添加子节点，里面包含引脚信息和compatible属性，用于注册platform_device后与platform_driver匹配。

（2）用新的设备树文件后，内核设备树节点下会多出我们自己定义的设备树节点。

（3） 内核解析设备树文件后，会在platform_device下增加对应的设备节点，此时未安装驱动，节点下没有driver属性

（4） 安装设备驱动后，compatible属性对应后会生成一个转向platform_driver下面的driver属性

2.上层leddrv.c 

1.定义主设备号
2.定义自己的file_operation结构体
3.通过入口函数init函数去内核注册这个结构体，register_chrdev和class_create
4.实现file_operation结构体中的open/write函数，
在其中再led_operations调用底层chip.c中的open函数和ctrl函数
5.出口函数exit,与init函数初始化顺序相反
6.其他项。module_init(led_init);
                 module_exit(led_exit);
                 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

3.底层chip.c

1.定义led_operations结构体
2.定义platform_driver结构体，并实现其中的of_match_table
函数，在其成员中定义compatible属性与device一致
3.入口函数init中注册platform_driver结构体，并调用自定义函数register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr);将led_operations对象传到上层leddrv.c中，这样上层才能调用底层的open函数和ctrl函数
4.实现led_operations结构体中的open、ctrl函数，操控硬件寄存器实现对应功能。
5.出口函数exit
6.其他 

static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 鍒濆鍖朙ED, which-鍝釜LED */       
{   
    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
    
    printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));
    switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
    {
        case 0:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 1:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 3:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n");
            break;
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}

static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 鎺у埗LED, which-鍝釜LED, status:1-浜�,0-鐏� */
{
    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
    printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));

    switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
    {
        case 0:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 1:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 3:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
    .init = board_demo_led_init,
    .ctl  = board_demo_led_ctl,
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void)
{
    return &board_demo_led_opr;
}

static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    struct device_node *np;
    int err = 0;
    int led_pin;

    np = pdev->dev.of_node;
    if (!np)
        return -1;

    err = of_property_read_u32(np, "pin", &led_pin);
    
    g_ledpins[g_ledcnt] = led_pin;
    led_class_create_device(g_ledcnt);
    g_ledcnt++;
        
    return 0;
    
}

static int chip_demo_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    int i = 0;
    int err;
    struct device_node *np;
    int led_pin;

    np = pdev->dev.of_node;
    if (!np)
        return -1;

    err = of_property_read_u32(np, "pin", &led_pin);

    for (i = 0; i < g_ledcnt; i++)
    {
        if (g_ledpins[i] == led_pin)
        {
            led_class_destroy_device(i);
            g_ledpins[i] = -1;
            break;
        };
    }

    for (i = 0; i < g_ledcnt; i++)
    {
        if (g_ledpins[i] != -1)
            break;
    }

    if (i == g_ledcnt)
        g_ledcnt = 0;
    
    return 0;
}

static const struct of_device_id ask100_leds[] = {
    { .compatible = "100as,leddrv" },
    { },
};

static struct platform_driver chip_demo_gpio_driver = {
    .probe      = chip_demo_gpio_probe,
    .remove     = chip_demo_gpio_remove,
    .driver     = {
        .name   = "100ask_led",
        .of_match_table = ask100_leds,
    },
};

static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void)
{
    int err;
    
    err = platform_driver_register(&chip_demo_gpio_driver); 
    register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr);
    
    return 0;
}

static void __exit lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit(void)
{
    platform_driver_unregister(&chip_demo_gpio_driver);
}

module_init(chip_demo_gpio_drv_init);
module_exit(lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

当注册的platform_driver与总线上某一个platform_devicecompatible属性对应后，会调用latform_driver中的probe函数，从platform_driver获取资源引脚并进行存储，这样在open、ctrl函数中就知道具体操作哪个引脚。