Nvidia GPU架构演变

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NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU Architecture UNPRECEDENTED ACCELERATION AT EVERY SCALE Introduction The diversity of compute-intensive applications running in modern cloud data centers has driven the explosion of NVIDIA GPU-accelerated cloud computing. Such intensive applications include AI deep learning training and inference, data analytics, scientific computing, genomics, edge video analytics and 5G services, graphics rendering, cloud gaming, and many more. From scaling-up AI training and scientific computing, to scaling-out inference applications, to enabling real-time conversational AI, NVIDIA GPUs provide the necessary horsepower to accelerate numerous complex and unpredictable workloads running in today’s cloud data centers. NVIDIA® GPUs are the leading computational engines powering the AI revolution, providing tremendous speedups for AI training and inference workloads. In addition, NVIDIA GPUs accelerate many types of HPC and data analytics applications and systems, allowing customers to effectively analyze, visualize, and turn data into insights. NVIDIA’s accelerated computing platforms are central to many of the world’s most important and fastest-growing industries. HPC has grown beyond supercomputers running computationally-intensive applications such as weather forecasting, oil & gas exploration, and financial modeling. Today, millions of NVIDIA GPUs are accelerating many types of HPC applications running in cloud data centers, servers, systems at the edge, and even deskside workstations, servicing hundreds of industries and scientific domains. AI networks continue to grow in size, complexity, and diversity, and the usage of AI-based applications and services is rapidly expanding. NVIDIA GPUs accelerate numerous AI systems and applications including: deep learning recommendation systems, autonomous machines (self-driving cars, factory robots, etc.), natural language processing (conversational AI, real-time language translation, etc.), smart city video analytics, software-defined 5G networks (that can deliver AI-based services at the Edge), molecular simulations, drone control, medical image analysis, and more.
NVIDIA GPU(图形处理器单元)架构与原理分析如下: NVIDIA GPU架构主要分为两个部分:SM(流处理器)和内存层次结构。 SM是NVIDIA GPU的核心组件,它由多个CUDA核心组成,用于处理并行计算任务。每个SM包含一定数量的CUDA核心,可以同时执行多个线程。SM还包括一些专用硬件单元,例如寄存器文件、共享内存和高速缓存。这些单元可以提供高效的数据存储和共享机制,以及加速计算速度。 NVIDIA GPU的内存层次结构包括全局内存、共享内存和寄存器文件。全局内存是最大的内存池,在所有SM中都可见。它用于存储大量数据,并在各个SM之间共享。共享内存是每个SM私有的一块内存空间,可以在SM内的线程之间进行快速共享。寄存器文件是每个CUDA核心私有的一块内存空间,用于存储核心执行时需要的数据。 NVIDIA GPU架构的原理是基于并行计算模型的。它可以同时执行大量线程,每个线程都在不同的CUDA核心上执行,从而实现高度并行的计算。通过将计算任务划分为小的线程块和网格,NVIDIA GPU可以将任务分配给多个SM并发执行,从而提高计算效率。 此外,NVIDIA GPU还支持CUDA编程模型,它可以使用CUDA编程语言进行开发。CUDA提供了丰富的API和工具,使开发者能够利用GPU的并行计算能力,提高计算性能和效率。 总而言之,NVIDIA GPU架构是一种基于并行计算的架构,通过同时执行大量线程和高效的内存层次结构,实现了高性能的数据处理和计算能力。它在许多领域,如科学计算、机器学习和游戏开发中发挥着重要的作用。

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