C++多态例子：virtual、override、final

1. 简单的虚函数例子：virtual、override、final

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
public :
    Animal(string name):name(name){}
    virtual void run() {
        cout << "I don't kown how to run" << endl;
    }
private:
    string name;
};

class Cat : public Animal {
public :
    Cat(string name):Animal(name){}
    void run() override final{
        cout << "I can run with four legs" << endl;
    }
};

class People : public Animal {
public :
    People(string name):Animal(name){}
    void run() override final{
        cout << "I can run with two legs" << endl;
    }
};

class Bat : public Animal {
public :
    Bat(string name) : Animal(name){}
    void run() override final{
        cout << "I can fly" << endl;
    }
};

int main(){
    #define MAX_N 10
    srand(time(0));
    Animal **zoo = new Animal*[MAX_N];
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_N; i++) {
        switch(rand() % 3) {
            case 0: zoo[i] = new Cat("cat"); break;
            case 1: zoo[i] = new People("people"); break;
            case 2: zoo[i] = new Bat("bat"); break;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_N; i++) zoo[i]->run();
    return 0;
}

运行结果

I can run with four legs
I can run with four legs
I can fly
I can fly
I can fly
I can run with four legs
I can run with four legs
I can run with two legs
I can fly
I can run with two legs

2. 思考虚函数表

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class A {
public :
    virtual void say() {
        cout << "Class A say" << endl;
    }
    virtual void run() {
        cout << "Class A run" << endl;
    }
};

class B : public A {
public :
    void say() override final{
        cout << "Class B say" << endl;
    }
};

class C : public A {
public :
    void run() override final{
        cout << "Class C run" << endl;
    }
};

#define TEST(a) test(a, #a)
void test(A &a, string class_name) {
    cout << "Object " << class_name << endl;
    a.say();
    a.run();
    cout << "===========" << endl << endl;
    return;
}

int main(){
    A a;
    B b;
    C c;
    TEST(a);
    TEST(b);
    TEST(c);
	//注意思考此处
    ((void **)(&b))[0] = ((void **)(&a))[0];
    TEST(b);
    return 0;
}

运行结果

Object a
Class A say
Class A run
===========

Object b
Class B say
Class A run
===========

Object c
Class A say
Class C run
===========

Object b
Class A say
Class A run
===========