TOEFL wordlist 13

1. dye [daɪ]

(1). v. If you dye something such as hair or cloth, you change its colour by soaking it in a special liquid.

(2). n. Dye is a substance made from plants or chemicals which is mixed into a liquid and used to change the colour of something such as cloth or hair.

I want to dye my hair blonde.

2. tariff [ˈtærɪf]

(1). n. A tariff is a tax that a government collects on goods coming into a country.

(2). n. A tariff is the rate at which you are charged for public services such as gas and electricity, or for accommodation and services in a hotel.

The regulations keeps tariffs high.

3. copious [ˈkəʊpiəs]

adj. A copious amount of something is a large amount of it.

Scientists support the theory of relativity with copious evidence.

4. neoclassical [ˌniːəʊˈklæsɪkl]

adj. Neoclassical architecture or act is from the late 18th century and uses designs from Roman and Greek architecture and art.

The neoclassical sculptors seldom held a mallet or chisel in their own hands.

5. counselor [ˈkaʊns(ə)lə]

n. A counselor is a person whose job is to give advice to people who need it, especially advice on their personal problems.

She worked as a narriage guidance counselor.

6. chilly [ˈtʃɪli]

(1). adj. Something that is chilly is unpleasantly cold.

(2). adj. If you feel chilly, you feel rather cold.

(3). adj. You say that relations between people are chilly or that a person's response is chilly when they are not friendly, welcoming, or enthusiastic.

I feel chilly, I may be catching a cold.

7. retrospect [ˈretrəspekt]

phrase. When you consider something in retrospect, you think about it afterwards, and often have a different opinion about it from the one that you had at the time.

But in retrospect, what Jack has said might have a point.

8. havoc [ˈhævək]

(1). n. Havoc is great disorder, and confusioin.

(2). phrase. If one thing plays havoc with another or wreaks havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as normal, or damages it.

This new rule is causing havoc in the office.

9. evcauate [ɪˈvækjueɪt]

(1). v. To evcauate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.

(2). v. If people evacuate a place, they move out of it for a period of time, especially because it is dangerous.

You'd better prepare a family emergency kit, in case you need to evacuate the house.

10. bilingualism [baɪˈlɪŋgwəlɪz(ə)m]

n. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages equally well.

However, in some communities bilingualism may be viewed negatively.

11. zest [zest]

(1). n. Zest is a feeling of pleasure and enthusiasm.

(2). n. Zest is a quality in an activity or situation which you find exciting.

(3). n. The zest of a lemon, orange, or lime is the outer skin when it is used to give flavour to something such as a cake or a drink.

All staff look part in the company's annual party with zest.

12. etiquette  [ˈetɪkət] 

n. Etiquette is a set of customs and rules for polite behaviour, especially among a particular class people or in a particular profession.

Etiquette is considered the most important aspect in business between the two companies.

13. stipulate [ˈstɪpjuleɪt]

v. If you stipulate a condition or stipulate that something must be done, you say clearly that it must be done.

This company stipulates that all of its employees work eight hours a day, five days a week.

14. oratorio [ˌɒrəˈtɔːriəʊ]

n. An oratorio is a long piece of music with a religious theme which is written for singers and an orchestra.

15. adamant [ˈædəmənt]

adj. If someone is adamant about something, they are determined not to change their mind about it.

Mary was adamant that she would not come.

16. morgue [mɔːɡ]

n. A morgue is a building or a room in a hospital where dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated, or before they are identified or examined.

The police went to the morgue and examined the body, but they didn't find anything suspicious.

17. chaste [tʃeɪst]

(1). adj. If you describe a person or their behaviour as chaste, you mean that they do not have sex with anyone, or they only have sex with their husband or wife.

(2). adj. Something that is chaste is very simple in style, without very much decoration.

They lived a chaste life.

18. tract [trækt]

(1). n. A tract of land is a very large area of land.

(2). n. A tract is a short article expressing a strong opinion on a religious, moral, or political subject in order to try to influence people's attitudes.

(3). n. A tract is a system of organs and tubes in an animal's or person's body that has a particular function, especially the function of processing a substance in the body.

Despite the intent of the law, speculators often manage to obtain large tracts.

19. cipher [ˈsaɪfə(r)]

(1). n. A cipher is a secret system of writing that you use to send messages.

(2). n. If you describe someone as a cipher, you mean that they have no power and are used by other people to achieve a particular purpose.

The army uses a special cipher so that military messages are kept secret.

20. notwithstanding [ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ]

prep. If something is true notwithstanding something else, it is true in spite of that other thing.

The team played on, notwithstanding the rain.

21. protagonist [prəˈtæɡənɪst]

(1). n. Someone who is a protagonist of an idea or movement is a supporter of it.

(2). n. A protagonist in a play, novel, or real event is one of the main people in it.

He is a leading protagonist of the conservation movement.

22. supplant [səˈplɑːnt]

v. If a person or thing is supplanted, another person or thing takes their place.

Within a short time the trading company had supplied the individual promoter of colonization.

23. prolonged [prəˈlɒŋd]

adj. A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.

Poverty is increasing as prolonged drought is destroying ways to make a living in the country.

24. fresco [ˈfreskəʊ]

n. A fresco is a picture that is painted on a plastered wall when the plaster is still wet.

A 19th century fresco was damaged beyond repair.

25. spray [spreɪ]

(1). n. Spray is a lot of small drops of water which are being thrown into the air.

(2). n. A spray is a liquid kept under pressure in a can or other container, which you can force out in very small drops.

(3). phrase. If you spray a liquid somewhere or if it sprays somewhere, drops of the liquid cover a place or shower someone.

(4). phrase. If a lot of small things spray somewhere or if something sprays them, they are scattered somewhere with a lot of force.

(5). v. If someone sprays bullets somewhere, they fire a lot of bullets at a group of people or things.

(6). v. If something is sprayed, it is painted using paint kept under pressure in a container.

(7). v. When someone sprays against insects, they cover plants or crops with a chemical which prevents insects feeding on them.

(8). n. A spray is a piece of equipment for spraying water or other liquid, especially over growing plants.

(9). n. A spray of flowers or leaves is a number of flowers or leaves on one stem or branch.

An insulating material was sprayed on the engine parts.

26. tectonics [tekˈtɒnɪks]

The theory of plate tectonics was developed in the 1960s.

27. swell [swel]

(1). phrase. If the amount or size of something swells or if something swells it, it becomes larger than it was before.

(2). v. If something such as a part of your body swells, it becomes larger and rounder than normal.

(3). v. If you swell with a feeling, you are suddenly full of that feeling.

(4). v. If sounds swell, they get louder.

(5). n. A swell is the regular movement of waves up and down in the open sea.

(6). adj. You can describe something as swell if you think it is really nice.

The group of onlookers soon swelled to a crowd.

28. outlying [ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ]

adj. Outlying places are far away from the main cities of a country.

In the nearby town, at least 2,000 people are trapped under the debris and huge rocks have buried roads to outlying villages.

29. dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt]

n. A dialect is a form of a language that is spoken in a particular area.

The novel was written in Wu dialect.

30. larva [ˈlɑːvə]

n. A larva is an insect at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and before it changes into its adult form.

These eggs developed into larvae, which can swim freely.

31. monastery [ˈmɒnəstri]

n. A monastery is a building or collection of buildings in which monks live.

The monastery is open to the general public.

32. bluff [blʌf]

(1). n. A bluff is an attempt to make someone believe that you will do something when you do not really intend to do it.

(2). phrase. If you call someone's bluff, you tell them to do what they have been threatening to do, because you are sure that they will not really do it.

(3). v. If you bluff, you make someone believe that you will do something when you do not really intend to do it, or that you know something when you do not really know it.

(4). n. A bluff is a steep cliff or bank, especially by a river or the sea.

(5). adj. If you describe someone, usually a man, as bluff, you mean that they have a very direct way of speaking and behaving.

It was just a game of bluff.

33. primal [ˈpraɪml]

adj. Primal is used to describe something that relates to the origins of things or that is very basic.

The Sun is far less radiant today than the primal Sun.

34. subsistence [səbˈsɪstəns]

(1). n. Subsistence is the condition of just having enough food or money to stay alive.

(2). adj. In subsistence farming or subsistence agriculture, farmers produce food to eat themselves rather than to sell.

Subsistence is impossible in such extreme conditions.

35. seasoning [ˈsiːznɪŋ]

n. Seasoning is salt, pepper, or other spices that are added to food to improve its flavour.

The fruit of this kind of plant can be used for seasoning, such as in chili powders.

36. abreast [əˈbrest]

(1). adv. If people or things walk or move abreast, they are next to each other, side by side, and facing in the same direction.

(2). prep. If you are abreast of someone or something, you are level with them or in line with them.

(3). prep. If you keep abreast of a subject, you know all the most recent facts about it.

Edison kept abreast of recent scientific developments.

整理自《柯林斯词典》、《新东方托福词汇》，侵删歉。