性能之巅第二版阅读--前言1

性能之巅第二版阅读--前言1
Preface--前言
"There are known knowns; there are things we know we know.
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns -- there are things we do not know we don't know."
--U.S.Secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld, February 12,2002

  While the previous statement was met with chuckles from those attending the press briefing, it summarizes an important principle that is as relevant in complex technical systems as it is in geopolitics: performance issues can originate from anywhere,  including areas of the system that you know nothing about and you are therefore not checking (the unknown unknowns). This book may reveal many of these areas, while providing methodologies and tools for their analysis.
  
 有已知的已知；有些事情我们知道自己知道。
 我们也知道有已知的未知；这是指我们知道有些事情自己不知道。
 但是还有未知的未知--有些事情我们不知道自己不知道。
 --美国国防部长 唐纳德 拉姆斯菲尔德 2002.2.12
 
虽然上述发言在新闻发布会上引起与会者的笑声，但它总结了一个重要的理念，适用于像地缘政治这类复杂的技术系统：性能问题可能源自任何地方，包括系统中不曾检测的地方（未知的未知）。本书将揭示很多这样的领域，并提供方法论和工具来分析它们。

About This Edition
I wrote the first edition eight years ago and designed it to have a long shelf life. Chapters are structured to first cover durable skills (models, architecture, and methodologies) and then faster-changing skills (tools and tuning) as example implementations. While the example tools and tuning will go out of date, the durable skills show you how to stay unpdated.
模型、架构、方法论属于长久的技能，工具和调优属于快速编号的技能。写上一版的时候还没有linux的大发展。

There has been a large addition to linux in the past eight years: Extended BPF, a kernel technology that powers a new generation of performance analysis tools, which is used by companies including Netflix and Facebook.
I have included a BPF chapter and BPF tools in this new edition, and I have also published a deeper reference on the topic[Gregg 19]. The linux perf and Ftrace tools have also seen many developments, and I have added separate chapters for them as well.
The Linux kernel has gained many performance features and technologies, also covered. The hypervisors  that drive cloud computing virtual machines, and container technologies, have also changed consideably; that content has been updated.
大幅增加了linux部分，因为这是主流。包括bpf, perf,ftrace，也包括了需要linux特性和技术，云计算、容器技术。

The first edition covered both linux and solaris equally. solaris market share has shrunk considerably in the meantime, so the solaris content has been largely removed from this edition, making room for more linux content to be included.
However, your understanding of an operating system or kernel can be enhanced by consideing an alternative, for perspective.
For that reason, some mentions of solaris and other operating systems are included in this edition.
作者总是不忘他的老本行：solaris，其实已经没有人用了

For the past six years I have been a senior performance engineer at netflix, applying the field fo system perforamance to the netflix microservices environment. I've worked on the performance of hypervisors, containers, runtimes, kernels, databases, and applications. I've developed new methodologies and tools as needed, and worked with experts in cloud performance and linux kernel engineering. These experiences have contributed to imporving this edition.
这是这一版最值得期待的部分，网飞微服务做的很好，优化经验期待这本书多多介绍。