Python基础：If语句

条件测试

If语句的核心都是一个值为True和False的表达式，这种表达式被称为条件测试（别名为布尔表达式）。使用两个等号（==）检查是否相等；判断不相等（！=）；比较数字可以有（>=)(>)(<=)(<)；检查多个条件可以使用and和or关键字；使用关键字in检查值是否在列表中；使用关键字not in确定值未包含在列表中

In [5]: a,b=2,-9

In [6]: (a>=2) and (b<0)
Out[6]: True

In [7]: ls=['a','b','c']

In [8]: 'a' not in ls
Out[8]: False

If语句

if conditional_test:

    do something

第一行中可包含任何条件测试，如果为True，则会运行紧跟在测试后面的缩进的代码块；如果为False，忽略代码块。

In [9]: if 30>9:
   ...:     print("Big one")
   ...:
Big one

if-else语句

In [1]: age=17

In [2]: if age>=18:
   ...:     print('you are married!')
   ...: else:
   ...:     print('you are too young.')
   ...:
you are too young.

if-elif-else语句

In [1]: age=12

In [2]: if age<4:
   ...:     print ('Your admission cost is $0.')
   ...: elif age<18:
   ...:     print('Your admission cost is $5.')
   ...: else:
   ...:     print('Your admission cost is $10.')
   ...:
Your admission cost is $5.

Python并不要求if-elif结构后面必须有else代码块

In [3]: age=12

In [4]: if age<4:
   ...:     price=0
   ...: elif age<18:
   ...:     price=5
   ...: elif age<65:
   ...:     price=10
   ...: elif age>=65:
   ...:     price=5
   ...:

In [5]: print ('Your admission cost is $'+str(price)+'.')
Your admission cost is $5.

判断列表为空

In [3]: ls=[]

In [4]: if ls:
   ...:     print(ls[0])
   ...: else:
   ...:     print('ls is null')
   ...:
ls is null

设置if语句的格式

PEP 8提供的唯一建议是，在诸如>= 、<=、==等比较运算符两边各添加一个空格，例如if age < 4:要比if age<4:好。这样的空格不会影响Python对代码的解读，而只是让代码阅读起来更容易。