2022美赛F题——翻译版题目

团队小伙伴第一次参加美赛，虽然只拿到了H奖，记录一下第一个成果。

团队成员翻译，仅供参考

团队论文链接

2022 ICM

Problem F: All for One and One (Space) for All!

问题F：人人为我，我为人人（空间）!

 

Background

Most of the world’s nations signed onto the United Nations’ Outer Space Treaty of 1967, agreeing that “exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind”[1]. The United Nations (UN) aims to promote global peace and reduce inequities. As the foundation of international space law, the Outer Space Treaty has provided the legal underpinnings for projects that have promoted multinational access to space, such as the International Space Station and the use of satellites to browse the Internet in even the most remote locations. But will this international promise of equity hold as humankind looks to harvesting space-based resources? 

 

Consider the possibility of asteroid mining. There are many open questions about asteroid mining, such as whether it is technically feasible, whether the high initial cost is worth the benefit of what we might find and bring back to Earth, and whether it should be private companies, national governments, or international collaborations that fund these operations, do the mining, and/or receive the financial gains. These questions have yet to be answered, but for the purposes of this problem, let’s assume that asteroid mining is feasible at some point in the future and could allow humans to bring valuable minerals back to Earth relatively safely and at a cost that is financially worth the investment. 

 

This problem asks your team to address the following overarching questions: What is global equity, and how will asteroid mining impact it? What are the factors that influence that impact, and how? And what policies could the United Nations propose to increase global equity in a future with asteroid mining?

背景

世界上大多数国家都签署了联合国1967年的《外层空间条约》（Outer Space Treaty），同意 "探索和利用外层空间，包括月球和其他天体，应是为了利益（benefit）和所有国家（的利益），无论其经济或科学发展程度如何，并应是全人类的事情"[1]。联合国（UN）的目标是促进世界和平，减少不平等。作为国际空间法（international space law）的基础，《外层空间条约》为促进多国进入太空的计划（project）提供了法律基础，如国际空间站和使用卫星在最偏远的地方浏览互联网。但是，当人类期待收获小行星资源（space-based resources）时，这种国际上的公平承诺（指《外层空间条约》）是否会保持？

 

考虑一下小行星采矿（asteroid mining）的可能性。关于小行星的开采有许多开放性的问题，例如它在技术上是否可行，高额的初始成本是否值得我们从可能发现并带回地球的东西中获益，以及是否应该由私人公司、国家政府或国际合作来资助这些行动，进行开采，和/或获得经济收益。这些问题还有待解答，但为了这个问题的目的，让我们假设小行星采矿在未来某个时间点是可行的，并且可以让人类相对安全地将有价值的矿物带回地球，其成本在财务上是值得投资的。

 

这个问题要求你的团队解决以下首要问题。什么是全球公平，小行星采矿将如何影响它？影响这种影响（小行星采矿对全球公平的影响）的因素有哪些，以及如何影响？在有小行星采矿的未来，联合国可以提出哪些政策来增加全球公平？

Requirements

Specifically, to address the above questions, your team should consider the following guiding questions:

 

• What is global equity, and how might we measure it? In other words, develop a definition of global equity. Use your definition to develop a model (e.g., tool, metric) that allows you to measure global equity. Validate your model; this might involve historical and/or regional analyses.

 

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• What might asteroid mining look like in the future, and how might asteroid mining impact global equity? One of the challenges in answering this question is that we don’t know what the asteroid mining sector will look like in the future; in other words, there are unknown conditions including, but not limited to, who is doing the mining, how it is funded, or who will get the benefits in terms of the minerals themselves or the profits from the sales of those minerals. Present, describe, and justify one likely vision for the future of asteroid mining, and determine the impact of mining on global equity with an analysis that includes the use of your team’s global equity model.

 

• How do changes in the conditions that you selected in defining a vision for the future of asteroid mining impact global equity? To do this, you may need to develop and implement an analytical approach to explore how changes in the asteroid mining sector could impact global equity differently.

 

• What policies could be implemented to encourage the asteroid mining sector to advance in a way that promotes more global equity? Suppose the UN is considering updating its Outer Space Treaty to specifically address asteroid mining and ensure its benefit to all humankind. Use the results of your analyses to make justified policy recommendations so that the asteroid mining might truly benefit all humankind.

 

要求

具体来说，为了解决上述问题，你的团队应该考虑以下指导性问题。

什么是全球公平，我们可以如何衡量它？换句话说，制定一个全球公平的定义。使用你的定义来建立一个模型（例如，工具、度量标准），使你能够衡量全球公平。验证你的模型；这可能涉及历史和/或区域分析

小行星采矿在未来可能是什么样子，以及小行星采矿如何影响全球公平（how might asteroid mining impact global equity）？回答这个问题的挑战之一是，我们不知道小行星采矿业在未来会是什么样子；换句话说，有一些未知的条件，包括但不限于，谁在进行采矿，如何提供资金（how it is funded），或者谁会在采矿本身或销售这些矿物获利（who will get the benefits in terms of the minerals themselves or the profits from the sales of those minerals. ）。提出、描述并论证一个未来可能的小行星采矿模式（ one likely vision for the future of asteroid mining），并通过分析确定采矿对全球公平的影响，包括使用你们团队的全球公平模型

 

你在定义一个未来可能的小行星采矿模式时选择的条件的变化如何影响全球公平？要做到这一点，你可能需要制定和实施一种分析方法，以探索小行星采矿业的变化时如何影响全球公平。（how changes in the asteroid mining sector could impact global equity differently. ）

 

可以实施哪些政策来鼓励小行星采矿部门进步以促进全球公平？假设联合国正在考虑更新其《外层空间条约》，以专门解决小行星采矿问题，并确保其对全人类有益（它可以使全人类获益its benefit to all humankind. ）。利用你的分析结果，提出合理的政策建议，使小行星采矿可能真正惠及全人类。

 Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include: 

• One-page Summary Sheet.
• Table of Contents.
• Your complete solution.
• Reference List.

Note: The ICM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.

你的PDF解决方案总页数不超过25页，应包括。

- 一页的摘要表。

- 目录。

- 你的完整解决方案。

- 参考文献列表。

注意：ICM竞赛有25页的限制。你提交的所有内容都将计入25页的限制（摘要表、目录、参考文献列表和任何附录）。你必须为你的想法、图片和报告中使用的任何其他材料注明来源。

References

[1] The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, of 27 January 1967, United Nations RES 2222 (XXI).

Glossary

Asteroid mining: the process of extracting minerals from asteroids for human use.

 

Equity: the quality of being fair. Unlike equality which promotes providing identical inputs (e.g., resources and opportunities), equity focuses on allocating those resources and opportunities in a way that supports a goal of similar outcomes.

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