LCT 的基础 Splay简单食用指南

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我是不会用Splay写平衡树的(真香
为了学LCT 记一份Splay板子

//普通平衡树
/*
    if you can't see the repay
    Why not just work step by step
    rubbish is relaxed
    to ljq
*/
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

#define dbg(x) cout<<#x<<" = "<< (x)<< endl
#define dbg2(x1,x2) cout<<#x1<<" = "<<x1<<" "<<#x2<<" = "<<x2<<endl
#define dbg3(x1,x2,x3) cout<<#x1<<" = "<<x1<<" "<<#x2<<" = "<<x2<<" "<<#x3<<" = "<<x3<<endl
#define max3(a,b,c) max(a,max(b,c))
#define min3(a,b,c) min(a,min(b,c))

typedef pair<int,int> pll;
typedef long long ll;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int _inf = 0xc0c0c0c0;
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const ll _INF = 0xc0c0c0c0c0c0c0c0;
const ll mod =  (int)1e9+7;

ll gcd(ll a,ll b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
ll ksm(ll a,ll b,ll mod){int ans=1;while(b){if(b&1) ans=(ans*a)%mod;a=(a*a)%mod;b>>=1;}return ans;}
ll inv2(ll a,ll mod){return ksm(a,mod-2,mod);}
void exgcd(ll a,ll b,ll &x,ll &y,ll &d){if(!b) {d = a;x = 1;y=0;}else{exgcd(b,a%b,y,x,d);y-=x*(a/b);}}//printf("%lld*a + %lld*b = %lld\n", x, y, d);

/*namespace sgt
{
    #define mid ((l+r)>>1)

    #undef mid
}*/
const int MAX_N = 100025;
int ch[MAX_N][2],fa[MAX_N],cnt[MAX_N],sz[MAX_N],val[MAX_N],rev[MAX_N],root,ncnt;
int chk(int x)
{
    return ch[fa[x]][1] == x;
}
void pushup(int x)
{
    sz[x] = sz[ch[x][0]] + sz[ch[x][1]] + cnt[x];
}
void Rotate(int x)
{
    int y = fa[x],z = fa[y],k = chk(x), w = ch[x][k^1];
    ch[y][k] = w;fa[w] = y;
    ch[z][chk(y)] = x;fa[x] = z;
    ch[x][k^1] = y;fa[y] = x;
    pushup(y);pushup(x);
}
void Splay(int x,int goal = 0)
{
    while(fa[x]!=goal)
    {
        int y = fa[x],z = fa[y];
        if(z!=goal)
        {
            if(chk(x)==chk(y)) Rotate(y);
            else Rotate(x);
        }
        Rotate(x);
    }
    if(!goal) root = x;
}
//辅助操作,将最大的小于等于 x 的数所在的节点splay到根。
void Find(int x)
{
    if(!root) return;
    int cur = root;
    while(ch[cur][x>val[cur]]&&x!=val[cur])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][x>val[cur]];
    }
    Splay(cur);
}
void Insert(int x)
{
    int cur = root,p = 0;
    while(cur&&val[cur]!=x)
    {
        p = cur;
        cur = ch[cur][x>val[cur]];
    }
    if(cur)
    {
        cnt[cur]++;
    }
    else
    {
        cur = ++ncnt;
        if(p) ch[p][x>val[p]] = cur;
        ch[cur][0] = ch[cur][1] = 0;
        val[cur] = x;fa[cur] = p;
        cnt[cur] = sz[cur] = 1;
    }
    Splay(cur);
}
void pushdown(int x)
{
    if(rev[x])
    {
        swap(ch[x][0],ch[x][1]);
        rev[ch[x][0]] ^= 1;
        rev[ch[x][1]] ^= 1;
        rev[x] = 0;
    }
}
int Kth(int k)
{
    int cur = root;
    while(1)
    {
        pushdown(cur);
        if(ch[cur][0]&&k<=sz[ch[cur][0]])
        {
            cur = ch[cur][0];
        }
        else if(k>sz[ch[cur][0]]+cnt[cur])
        {
            k -= sz[ch[cur][0]] + cnt[cur];
            cur = ch[cur][1];
        }
        else return cur;
    }
}
void Reverse(int l,int r)
{
    int x = Kth(l), y = Kth(r+2);
    Splay(x);Splay(y,x);
    rev[ch[y][0]] ^= 1;
}

int pre(int x)
{
    Find(x);
    if(val[root]<x) return root;
    int cur = ch[root][0];
    while(ch[cur][1])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][1];
    }
    return cur;
}
int suc(int x)
{
    Find(x);
    if(val[root]>x) return root;
    int cur = ch[root][1];
    while(ch[cur][0])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][0];
    }
    return cur;
}
void Remove(int x)
{
    int last = pre(x),next = suc(x);
    Splay(last);Splay(next,last);
    int del = ch[next][0];
    if(cnt[del]>1)
    {
        cnt[del]--;
        Splay(del);
    }
    else ch[next][0] = 0;
}
int main()
{
    //ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    //freopen("a.txt","r",stdin);
    //freopen("b.txt","w",stdout);
    Insert(_inf);
    Insert(inf);
    int n,opt,x;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    while(n--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&opt,&x);
        if(opt==1)
        {
            Insert(x);
        }
        else if(opt==2)
        {
            Remove(x);
        }
        else if(opt==3)
        {
            Find(x);
            printf("%d\n",sz[ch[root][0]]);
        }
        else if(opt==4)
        {
            printf("%d\n",val[Kth(x+1)]);
        }
        else if(opt==5)
        {
            printf("%d\n",val[pre(x)]);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("%d\n",val[suc(x)]);
        }
    }
    //fclose(stdin);
    //fclose(stdout);
    //cout << "time: " << (long long)clock() * 1000 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " ms" << endl;
    return 0;
}
//文艺平衡树
您需要写一种数据结构(可参考题目标题),来维护一个有序数列,其中需要提供以下操作:翻转一个区间,例如原有序序列是5 4 3 2 1,翻转区间是[2,4]的话,结果是5 2 3 4 1
/*
    if you can't see the repay
    Why not just work step by step
    rubbish is relaxed
    to ljq
*/
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

#define dbg(x) cout<<#x<<" = "<< (x)<< endl
#define dbg2(x1,x2) cout<<#x1<<" = "<<x1<<" "<<#x2<<" = "<<x2<<endl
#define dbg3(x1,x2,x3) cout<<#x1<<" = "<<x1<<" "<<#x2<<" = "<<x2<<" "<<#x3<<" = "<<x3<<endl
#define max3(a,b,c) max(a,max(b,c))
#define min3(a,b,c) min(a,min(b,c))

typedef pair<int,int> pll;
typedef long long ll;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int _inf = 0xc0c0c0c0;
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const ll _INF = 0xc0c0c0c0c0c0c0c0;
const ll mod =  (int)1e9+7;

ll gcd(ll a,ll b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
ll ksm(ll a,ll b,ll mod){int ans=1;while(b){if(b&1) ans=(ans*a)%mod;a=(a*a)%mod;b>>=1;}return ans;}
ll inv2(ll a,ll mod){return ksm(a,mod-2,mod);}
void exgcd(ll a,ll b,ll &x,ll &y,ll &d){if(!b) {d = a;x = 1;y=0;}else{exgcd(b,a%b,y,x,d);y-=x*(a/b);}}//printf("%lld*a + %lld*b = %lld\n", x, y, d);

/*namespace sgt
{
    #define mid ((l+r)>>1)

    #undef mid
}*/
const int MAX_N = 100025;
int ch[MAX_N][2],fa[MAX_N],cnt[MAX_N],sz[MAX_N],val[MAX_N],rev[MAX_N],root,ncnt,n;
int chk(int x)
{
    return ch[fa[x]][1] == x;
}
void pushup(int x)
{
    sz[x] = sz[ch[x][0]] + sz[ch[x][1]] + cnt[x];
}
void Rotate(int x)
{
    int y = fa[x],z = fa[y],k = chk(x), w = ch[x][k^1];
    ch[y][k] = w;fa[w] = y;
    ch[z][chk(y)] = x;fa[x] = z;
    ch[x][k^1] = y;fa[y] = x;
    pushup(y);pushup(x);
}
void Splay(int x,int goal = 0)
{
    while(fa[x]!=goal)
    {
        int y = fa[x],z = fa[y];
        if(z!=goal)
        {
            if(chk(x)==chk(y)) Rotate(y);
            else Rotate(x);
        }
        Rotate(x);
    }
    if(!goal) root = x;
}
//辅助操作,将最大的小于等于 x 的数所在的节点splay到根。
void Find(int x)
{
    if(!root) return;
    int cur = root;
    while(ch[cur][x>val[cur]]&&x!=val[cur])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][x>val[cur]];
    }
    Splay(cur);
}
void Insert(int x)
{
    int cur = root,p = 0;
    while(cur&&val[cur]!=x)
    {
        p = cur;
        cur = ch[cur][x>val[cur]];
    }
    if(cur)
    {
        cnt[cur]++;
    }
    else
    {
        cur = ++ncnt;
        if(p) ch[p][x>val[p]] = cur;
        ch[cur][0] = ch[cur][1] = 0;
        val[cur] = x;fa[cur] = p;
        cnt[cur] = sz[cur] = 1;
    }
    Splay(cur);
}
void pushdown(int x)
{
    if(rev[x])
    {
        swap(ch[x][0],ch[x][1]);
        rev[ch[x][0]] ^= 1;
        rev[ch[x][1]] ^= 1;
        rev[x] = 0;
    }
}
int Kth(int k)
{
    int cur = root;
    while(1)
    {
        pushdown(cur);
        if(ch[cur][0]&&k<=sz[ch[cur][0]])
        {
            cur = ch[cur][0];
        }
        else if(k>sz[ch[cur][0]]+cnt[cur])
        {
            k -= sz[ch[cur][0]] + cnt[cur];
            cur = ch[cur][1];
        }
        else return cur;
    }
}
void Reverse(int l,int r)
{
    int x = Kth(l), y = Kth(r+2);
    Splay(x);Splay(y,x);
    rev[ch[y][0]] ^= 1;
}

int pre(int x)
{
    Find(x);
    if(val[root]<x) return root;
    int cur = ch[root][0];
    while(ch[cur][1])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][1];
    }
    return cur;
}
int suc(int x)
{
    Find(x);
    if(val[root]>x) return root;
    int cur = ch[root][1];
    while(ch[cur][0])
    {
        cur = ch[cur][0];
    }
    return cur;
}
void Remove(int x)
{
    int last = pre(x),next = suc(x);
    Splay(last);Splay(next,last);
    int del = ch[next][0];
    if(cnt[del]>1)
    {
        cnt[del]--;
        Splay(del);
    }
    else ch[next][0] = 0;
}
void Output(int x)
{
    pushdown(x);
    if(ch[x][0]) Output(ch[x][0]);
    if(val[x]&&val[x]<=n&&val[x]>=1) printf("%d ",val[x]);
    if(ch[x][1]) Output(ch[x][1]);
}
int main()
{
    //ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    //freopen("a.txt","r",stdin);
    //freopen("b.txt","w",stdout);
    Insert(_inf);
    Insert(inf);
    int opt,x,Q,y;
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&Q);
    for(int i = 1;i<=n;++i) Insert(i);
    while(Q--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
        Reverse(x,y);
    }
    Output(root);
    //fclose(stdin);
    //fclose(stdout);
    //cout << "time: " << (long long)clock() * 1000 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " ms" << endl;
    return 0;
}
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好的,下面是一个简单的 C++ LCT 实现,包含了 LCT 基本操作: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e5 + 5; // 节点结构体 struct Node { int ch[2], fa, rev; int val, sum; } tr[N]; // 判断节点x是否是其父节点的左儿子 bool is_left(int x) { return tr[tr[x].fa].ch[0] == x; } // 反转标记 void reverse(int x) { swap(tr[x].ch[0], tr[x].ch[1]); tr[x].rev ^= 1; } // 维护反转标记 void pushdown(int x) { if (tr[x].rev) { reverse(tr[x].ch[0]); reverse(tr[x].ch[1]); tr[x].rev = 0; } } // 维护sum值 void pushup(int x) { tr[x].sum = tr[tr[x].ch[0]].sum + tr[tr[x].ch[1]].sum + tr[x].val; } // 旋转操作 void rotate(int x) { int y = tr[x].fa, z = tr[y].fa; int k = is_left(x), w = tr[x].ch[k ^ 1]; tr[y].ch[k] = w; tr[w].fa = y; tr[z].ch[is_left(y)] = x; tr[x].fa = z; tr[x].ch[k ^ 1] = y; tr[y].fa = x; pushup(y); pushup(x); } // 递归下传反转标记 void splay(int x) { static int stk[N]; int top = 0, y = x; stk[++top] = y; while (!stk[top]) { y = tr[y].fa; stk[++top] = y; } while (top) pushdown(stk[top--]); while (is_left(x)) { int y = tr[x].fa, z = tr[y].fa; if (is_left(y)) rotate(y); rotate(x); } while (!is_left(x)) { int y = tr[x].fa, z = tr[y].fa; if (!is_left(y)) rotate(y); rotate(x); } } // 将x节点到根节点的路径变为一条链 void access(int x) { for (int y = 0; x; y = x, x = tr[x].fa) { splay(x); tr[x].ch[1] = y; pushup(x); } } // 将x节点所在的树变为splay树的根节点 void make_root(int x) { access(x); splay(x); reverse(x); } // 查询x节点所在的树的根节点 int find_root(int x) { access(x); splay(x); while (tr[x].ch[0]) { pushdown(x); x = tr[x].ch[0]; } splay(x); return x; } // 连接x和y两个节点 void link(int x, int y) { make_root(x); tr[x].fa = y; } // 断开x和y两个节点 void cut(int x, int y) { make_root(x); if (find_root(y) == x && tr[y].fa == x && !tr[y].ch[0]) { tr[y].fa = tr[x].ch[1] = 0; pushup(x); } } // 修改x节点的值为val void modify(int x, int val) { splay(x); tr[x].val = val; pushup(x); } // 查询x节点到y节点路径上的所有节点的权值和 int query(int x, int y) { make_root(x); access(y); splay(y); return tr[y].sum; } int main() { int n, m; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { scanf("%d", &tr[i].val); tr[i].sum = tr[i].val; } while (m--) { int opt, x, y; scanf("%d%d%d", &opt, &x, &y); if (opt == 0) printf("%d\n", query(x, y)); else if (opt == 1) link(x, y); else if (opt == 2) cut(x, y); else if (opt == 3) modify(x, y); } return 0; } ``` 这里只是一个简单LCT 实现,对于一些细节和优化并没有处理。如果需要了解更多关于 LCT 的内容,可以参考一些经典题目,如 P3834、P3836、P4219 等。

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