模板函数与类模板

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int max_f(int a, int b)
{
    std::cout << "int max_f(int a, int b)" << std::endl;
    return a > b ? a : b;
}

template <typename T> 
T max_f(T a, T b)
{
    std::cout << "template <typename T> T max_f(T a, T b)" << std::endl;
    return a > b ? a : b;
}

//模板函数char*的特化
template <> 
char* max_f(char* a, char* b)
{
    std::cout << "template <> char* max_f(char* a, char* b)" << std::endl;
    return strcmp(a,b) > 0 ? a : b;
}

template <typename RT, typename T1, typename T2> 
RT fun(T1 a, T2 b)
{
    std::cout << "template <typename RT, typename T1, typename T2> RT fun(T1 a, T2 b)" << std::endl;
    return a > b ? a : b;
}

//===============================================================================
//非类型模板参数只能是整形或者指向外部链接对象的指针  http://blog.csdn.net/sophia_sy/article/details/1507077
template <typename T = int, int szie = 10> //默认参数
class A
{
public:
    class subA{};
    typename A::subA v1; //定义一个subA对象
    subA subv; //定义一个subA对象
    typedef typename A::subA sv1; //定义subA的类型
    sv1 v; //定义一个sv1对象

    template <typename T2> 
    A<T>& operator=(const T2& t2)
    {
        std::cout << "A<T>& operator=(const T2& t2)" << std::endl;
        return *this;
    }
};

template <char const* name>
class B
{
public:
    void f()
    {
        std::cout << name << std::endl;
    }
};

//char const s[] = "hello"; //error，s是常量，不是变量，所以没有内部、外部链接属性
extern char const s[] = "hello";

int main()
{
    char* p = "a";
    char* q = "b";

    //非模板函数优先级高于模板函数 模板函数不支持类型的自动转换
    max_f(3,5);     //int max_f(int a, int b)
    max_f<>(3,5);   //template <typename T> T max_f(T a, T b)    由参数推导类型
    max_f(3,5.2);   //int max_f(int a, int b)
    max_f('a',5);   //int max_f(int a, int b)
    max_f('a','b'); //template <typename T> T max_f(T a, T b)
    max_f(p,q);     //template <> char* max_f(char* a, char* b)
    max_f("a","abc"); //const char* //template <typename T> T max_f(T a, T b)

    fun<float>(1,2); //fun<RT,T1,T2>, T1 T2 可以从参数表中推导

    std::cout << "===========================================" << std::endl;
    A<> a;   //使用模板A的默认参数类型
    a = 1;   //template <typename T2> A<T>& operator=(const T2& t2)

    std::cout << "===========================================" << std::endl;
    B<s> b;
    b.f(); //hello

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}