Qt OpenGL（08）通过递归细分正二十面体逼近球面

Qt OpenGL 使用递归细分正二十面体逼近球体

在上一章中，我们讨论了如何利用正四面体来近似球面。

这一张我们讨论如何利用正二十面体来逼近球面。

正二十面体（Icosahedron ）的二十个面都是等边三角形围，对于近似球体来说，也是一个不错的起点。

下面就是绘制的代码：

代码思路和逼近正四面体一样。

Widget.cpp

#include "Widget.h"
#include "Camera.hpp"
#include "qopenglext.h"
#include "qvector3d.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QThread>
#include <QVector3D>
#include <vector>

#define qRandom   QRandomGenerator::global ()
#define qout if( 1 ) qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << ": "

int rotateAngle = 0;

#define X .525731112119133606f
#define Z .850650808352039932f

static QVector3D v[12] = {
    { -X, 0.0f,   Z }, {  X, 0.0f,   Z }, { -X, 0.0f,  -Z }, {  X, 0.0f,  -Z },
    {0.0f,   Z,   X }, {0.0f,   Z,  -X }, {0.0f,  -Z,   X }, {0.0f,  -Z,  -X },
    {  Z,   X, 0.0f }, { -Z,   X, 0.0f }, {  Z,  -X, 0.0f }, { -Z,  -X, 0.0f }
};

static GLuint tindices[20][3] = {
    {1, 4, 0},{ 4,9,0}, {4, 5,9}, {8,5, 4}, { 1,8,4},
    {1,10, 8},{10,3,8}, {8, 3,5}, {3,2, 5}, { 3,7,2},
    {3,10, 7},{10,6,7}, {6,11,7}, {6,0,11}, { 6,1,0},
    {10,1, 6},{11,0,9}, {2,11,9}, {5,2, 9}, {11,2,7}
};

std::vector<QVector3D> vdata;

void triangle(QVector3D a, QVector3D b, QVector3D c){
    vdata.push_back (a);
    vdata.push_back (b);
    vdata.push_back (c);
}

void divide_triangle(QVector3D a, QVector3D b, QVector3D c, int n ){
    QVector3D v1, v2, v3;
    if( n > 0 ) {
        // 如果使用归一化，顶点和的结果是否除以 2 都不影响结果
        v1 = ( a + b )/2;
        v2 = ( a + c )/2;
        v3 = ( b + c )/2;

        // 归一化 的坐标贴近球面。但如果不进行归一化，显示的就是一个细分的四面体
        v1.normalize ();
        v2.normalize ();
        v3.normalize ();

        divide_triangle(a, v2, v1, n-1);
        divide_triangle(c, v3, v2, n-1);
        divide_triangle(b, v1, v3, n-1);
        divide_triangle(v1,v2, v3, n-1);
    }
    else
        triangle (a,b,c);
}

void tetrahedron( int n ){
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
        divide_triangle (v[tindices[i][0]],v[tindices[i][1]],v[tindices[i][2]], n);
    }
}


Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{
    setWindowTitle ("Icosahedron_Sphere");
    resize (200,200);
    ratio = qApp->devicePixelRatio ();

    tetrahedron(4);

    qout << sizeof(QVector3D) * vdata.size ();

}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    makeCurrent ();
    glDeleteBuffers (1,&VBO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays (1,&VAO);
    doneCurrent ();
}


void Widget::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions ();


    const char *version =(const char *) glGetString (GL_VERSION);
    qout << QString(version);

    // ---------------------------------
    glGenBuffers (1,&VBO);
    glBindBuffer (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,VBO);

    glBufferData (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
                  sizeof(QVector3D) * vdata.size (),
                  vdata.data (),
                  GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // ---------------------------------
    glGenVertexArrays (1,&VAO);
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0,    // vao 索引，对应顶点着色器中的变量的位置 ： “layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;”
                          3,    // 变量中元素的个数， 比如 aPos变量 有 3 个数据【x,y,z】组成
                          GL_FLOAT, // 类型
                          GL_FALSE, // 标准化，是否在 [-1,1] 之间
                          3 * sizeof(float),  // 步长，表示下个元组的首元素 和 该元组首元素之间的大小，因为顶点数据中 可能还夹杂颜色、法向量等数据
                          (void*)0 );   // 变量的偏移量，在多个变量混合时指定变量的偏移
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // 使用 location = 0 的索引



    QString filename = ":/shader";
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile (QOpenGLShader::Vertex,   filename+".vert");
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile (QOpenGLShader::Fragment, filename+".frag");
    shaderProgram.link ();


    glGenBuffers (1,&EBO);
    glBindBuffer (GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,EBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(tindices), tindices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);


    glBindBuffer (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);

    // 控制多边形的正面和背面的绘图模式
//    glPolygonMode (GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_LINE);

    // 深度测试
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    m_Camera.Position = QVector3D(0,0,3);
}


void Widget::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);   // 设置背景色
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glViewport ((max-min)/2 ,0,min,min);

    shaderProgram.bind ();
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

//    drawXYZAxis ();
    QMatrix4x4 model;
//    model.rotate ( 15, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    model.rotate ( rotateAngle-15, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    QMatrix4x4 view;
    QMatrix4x4 projection;

    shaderProgram.setUniformValue ("model",model);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue ("view",view);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue ("projection",projection);

    shaderProgram.setUniformValue ("u_color",1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // 红色

    glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLES, 0, (int)vdata.size ());
//    glDrawElements (GL_TRIANGLES, 60, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0 );


//    qout << this->windowState () << this->isActiveWindow () ;
//    if( this->windowState () != Qt::WindowMinimized && 1 ){
    if( 0 ){
        QThread::currentThread ()->msleep (50);
        rotateAngle += 1 ;
        update ();
    }
}

void Widget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
    qout << "resizeGL";
    min = std::min (w,h) * ratio;
    max = std::max (w,h) * ratio;
}

顶点着色器

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
out float z;
out vec3 color;
void main()
{
   gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);
   color = vec3(sqrt(aPos.x*aPos.x),sqrt(aPos.y * aPos.y),sqrt(aPos.z * aPos.z));
   z = aPos.z;
};

片段着色器

#version 330 core
uniform vec4 u_color;
in float z;
in vec3 color;
void main()
{
    gl_FragColor = vec4( color *( 0.3 + z ),1.0 );  // 使用坐标转换过来的颜色
//    gl_FragColor = u_color;
}