今天把c++中的vector容器的用法介绍一下，然后我把之前的通讯录改了一下，大家可以参考一下。
1、pop_back（）函数
语法
void pop_back(); |
pop_back()函数删除当前vector最末的一个元素
2、push_back()函数
语法:
void push_back( const TYPE &val ); |
push_back()添加值为val的元素到当前vector末尾
3、begin()函数
语法:
iterator begin(); |
begin()函数返回一个指向当前vector起始元素的迭代器.
4、end() 函数
语法:
iterator end(); |
end() 函数返回一个指向当前vector末尾元素的下一位置的迭代器
5、erase（）函数
语法:
iterator erase( iterator loc ); iterator erase( iterator start, iterator end ); |
erase函数要么删作指定位置loc的元素,要么删除区间[start, end)的所有元素.返回值是指向删除的最后一个元素的下一位置的迭代器
6、resize() 函数
语法:
void resize( size_type size, TYPE val ); |
resize() 函数改变当前vector的大小为size,且对新创建的元素赋值val
7、swap()函数
语法:
void swap( vector &from ); |
swap()函数交换当前vector与vector from的元素
8、insert() 函数
语法:
iterator insert( iterator loc, const TYPE &val ); void insert( iterator loc, size_type num, const TYPE &val ); void insert( iterator loc, input_iterator start, input_iterator end ); |
insert() 函数有以下三种用法:
- 在指定位置loc前插入值为val的元素,返回指向这个元素的迭代器,
- 在指定位置loc前插入num个值为val的元素
- 在指定位置loc前插入区间[start, end)的所有元素 .
语法:
void clear(); |
clear()函数删除当前vector中的所有元素.
10、 at() 函数
语法:
TYPE at( size_type loc ); |
at() 函数 返回当前Vector指定位置loc的元素的引用. at() 函数 比 [] 运算符更加安全, 因为它不会让你去访问到Vector内越界的元素
先就介绍这几个常用的函数，对于一些基本的操作也够了。下面把我改过的通讯录分享一下：
#ifndef ADD_H
#define ADD_H
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Address_book
{
int m_ID;
string m_name;
string m_tel;
string m_address;
string m_company_phone;
public:
Address_book(){};
Address_book(int ID, string name, string tel, string address, string company_phone):
m_ID(ID), m_name(name), m_tel(tel), m_address(address), m_company_phone(company_phone){};
int getID(){return m_ID;}
string getname(){return m_name;}
string gettel(){return m_tel;}
string getaddress(){return m_address;}
string getcomphone(){return m_company_phone;}
};
class Control
{
public:
void show(); //显示最初布局
int Init_list(); //添加好友信息
void Print(); //列表好友信息
int Search(); //搜索好友
int Delete(); //删除好友
};
#endif#include "add.h"
void Control::show()
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t* 欢迎来到通讯录 *\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t* 1 添加好友信息 *\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t* 2 列表好友信息 *\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t* 3 搜索好友信息 *\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t* 4 删除好友信息 *\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************\n";
cout<<"\n\n\t\t请输入您的选择：";
}
int ID = 0;
int Control::Init_list()
{
system("cls");
ID++;
string name;
string tel;
string address;
string company_phone;
cout<<"\n\n\n\t\t\t请输入姓名：";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\n\t\t\t请输入手机号：";
cin>>tel;
int j = 0;
int len = tel.length();
while(len != 11) //判断输入的手机号码是不是11位的
{
cout<<"\n\t\t\t请输入11位手机号:";
cin>>tel;
len = tel.length();
}
cout<<"\n\t\t\t请输入家庭住址：";
cin>>address;
cout<<"\n\t\t\t请输入家庭号码：";
cin>>company_phone;
j = 0;
len = company_phone.length();
while(len != 8) //判断输入的电话号码是不是8位的
{
cout<<"\n\t\t\t请输入8位家庭号码:";
cin>>company_phone;
len = company_phone.length();
}
Address_book *one = new Address_book(ID,name,tel,address,company_phone);
ofstream out;
out.open("电话本.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if(!out)
{
cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
return -1;
}
out.write((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book));
out.close();
return 0;
}
void Control::Print()
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n";
ifstream in;
in.open("电话本.txt", ios::in | ios::_Nocreate);
if(!in)
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return;
}
Address_book *one = new Address_book;
vector<Address_book> addr;
vector<Address_book>::iterator it;
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
while(1)
{
memset(one, 0, sizeof(one));
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
continue;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
}
else
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return;
}
in.close();
for (it = addr.begin(); it != addr.end(); it++)
{
cout<<"NO "<<it->getID()<<" 姓名："<<it->getname()<<" 手机号："<<it->gettel()<<
" 家庭住址："<<it->getaddress()<<" 家庭号码："<<it->getcomphone()<<endl;
}
}
int Control::Search()
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n";
int NUM;
cout<<"\t\t\t请输入要查找人的序号：";
cin>>NUM;
ifstream in;
in.open("电话本.txt", ios::in | ios::_Nocreate);
if(!in)
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return -1;
}
Address_book *one = new Address_book;
vector<Address_book> addr;
vector<Address_book>::iterator it;
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
while(1)
{
memset(one, 0, sizeof(one));
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
continue;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
}
else
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return -1;
}
in.close();
int flag = 0;
for (it = addr.begin(); it != addr.end(); it++)
{
if (it->getID() == NUM)
{
flag = 1;
cout<<"\nNO "<<it->getID()<<" 姓名："<<it->getname()<<" 手机号："<<it->gettel()<<
" 家庭住址："<<it->getaddress()<<" 家庭号码："<<it->getcomphone()<<endl;
}
}
if(flag == 0)
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t查无此人！"<<endl;
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int Control::Delete()
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n";
int NUM, flag = 0;
cout<<"\t\t\t请输入要删除人的序号：";
cin>>NUM;
ifstream in;
in.open("电话本.txt", ios::in | ios::_Nocreate);
if(!in)
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return -1;
}
Address_book *one = new Address_book;
vector<Address_book> addr;
vector<Address_book>::iterator it;
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
while(1)
{
memset(one, 0, sizeof(one));
if (in.read((char*)one, sizeof(Address_book)))
{
addr.push_back(*one);
continue;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
}
else
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t通讯录中暂时无人！"<<endl;
in.close();
return -1;
}
in.close();
if (addr.begin() == addr.end()) //只有一个元素
{
remove("电话本.txt");
ofstream outfile;
outfile.open("电话本.txt", ios::out);
outfile.close();
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t删除成功！"<<endl;
return -1;
}
for (it = addr.begin(); it != addr.end(); it++)
{
if(it->getID() == NUM)
{
flag = 1;
addr.erase(it);
break;
}
}
if(flag)
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t删除成功！"<<endl;
}
else
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t查无此人！"<<endl;
return -1;
}
remove("电话本.txt");
ofstream out;
out.open("电话本.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if(!out)
{
cerr<<"open error"<<endl;
return -1;
}
for (it = addr.begin(); it != addr.end(); it++)
{
Address_book w(it->getID(), it->getname(), it->gettel(), it->getaddress(), it->getcomphone());
out.write((char*)&w, sizeof(Address_book));
memset(&w, 0, sizeof(Address_book));
}
out.close();
return 0 ;
}/**********************************************************
File Name: 通讯录项目(文件保存)
Author: Date：
Description： 实现通讯录功能
Fuction List: show() 显示最初布局
Init_list() 添加好友信息
Print() 列表好友信息
Search() 搜索好友
Delete() 删除好友
************************************************************/
#include "add.h"
int main()
{
string option;
string sel;
Control control;
while(1)
{
control.show();
cin>>option;
switch(option[0])
{
case '1':
{
control.Init_list();
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t添加联系人成功！";
cout<<"\n\n\t\t输入任意键返回：";
cin>>sel;
break;
}
case '2':
{
control.Print();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t输入任意键返回：";
cin>>sel;
break;
}
case '3':
{
control.Search();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t输入任意键返回：";
cin>>sel;
break;
}
case '4':
{
control.Delete();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t输入任意键返回：";
cin>>sel;
break;
}
default:
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n请输入1--4！"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n\t\t输入任意键返回：";
cin>>sel;
break;
}
}
}
}
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