MySql--函数

MySql提供了很多常用的函数,可以简化很多的操作,现将这些函数总结一下。

/*****************************函数**************************************/
1、绝对值函数abs
	mysql> select abs(-21), abs(21), abs('-1'), abs(-91/4);
	+----------+---------+-----------+------------+
	| abs(-21) | abs(21) | abs('-1') | abs(-91/4) |
	+----------+---------+-----------+------------+
	|       21 |      21 |         1 |    22.7500 |
	+----------+---------+-----------+------------+
	1 row in set (0.02 sec)
	
2、取余函数mod
	mysql> select mod(10, 3), mod('10', 3), mod(10,5/3), mod(-10, 2), mod(1, 0);
	+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
	| mod(10, 3) | mod('10', 3) | mod(10,5/3) | mod(-10, 2) | mod(1, 0) |
	+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
	|          1 |            1 |      0.0000 |           0 |      NULL |
	+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
	
3、求平方根函数sqrt
	mysql> select sqrt(-100), sqrt(100), sqrt(100.89), sqrt('100.89');
	+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------+
	| sqrt(-100) | sqrt(100) | sqrt(100.89)     | sqrt('100.89')   |
	+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------+
	|       NULL |        10 | 10.0444014256699 | 10.0444014256699 |
	+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
	
4、获取随机数函数rand				可返回一个随机浮点值  0~1.0   带参数作为种子值
	mysql> select rand(), rand(2), rand(5.1);
	+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
	| rand()            | rand(2)           | rand(5.1)         |
	+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
	| 0.967204678773139 | 0.655586646549019 | 0.406135974830143 |
	+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5、四舍五入函数round
	mysql> select round(6.54321, 2), round(6.54321, 2.88), round(6.54321, -1);
	+-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
	| round(6.54321, 2) | round(6.54321, 2.88) | round(6.54321, -1) |
	+-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
	|              6.54 |                6.543 |                 10 |
	+-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6、符号函数sign					正数返1,0返0,负数返-1
	mysql> select sign(21), sign('321'), sign(-1), sign(0.00),sign(-1*'1');
	+----------+-------------+----------+------------+--------------+
	| sign(21) | sign('321') | sign(-1) | sign(0.00) | sign(-1*'1') |
	+----------+-------------+----------+------------+--------------+
	|        1 |           1 |       -1 |          0 |           -1 |
	+----------+-------------+----------+------------+--------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7、幂运算函数power
	mysql> select power(8,2), power('8', 3), power(2.1, 2.5), power(-2, 2), power(-1,2.2);
	+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------+---------------+
	| power(8,2) | power('8', 3) | power(2.1, 2.5)  | power(-2, 2) | power(-1,2.2) |
	+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------+---------------+
	|         64 |           512 | 6.39069714506954 |            4 |          NULL |
	+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------+---------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

8、对数运算函数log						无参代表ln()   
	mysql> select log(5, 25), log(3, '9'), log(2), log(-2);
	+------------+-------------+-------------------+---------+
	| log(5, 25) | log(3, '9') | log(2)            | log(-2) |
	+------------+-------------+-------------------+---------+
	|          2 |           2 | 0.693147180559945 |    NULL |
	+------------+-------------+-------------------+---------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9、pi函数
	mysql> select pi();
	+----------+
	| pi()     |
	+----------+
	| 3.141593 |
	+----------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10、三角函数
	mysql> select sin(pi()/2), cos(pi()), tan(pi()/4);
	+-------------+-----------+-------------+
	| sin(pi()/2) | cos(pi()) | tan(pi()/4) |
	+-------------+-----------+-------------+
	|           1 |        -1 |           1 |
	+-------------+-----------+-------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11、获取最小整数ceil、ceiling
	mysql> select ceiling(-234.32), ceil(-234.32), ceiling(234.32), ceil(234.32);
	+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+
	| ceiling(-234.32) | ceil(-234.32) | ceiling(234.32) | ceil(234.32) |
	+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+
	|             -234 |          -234 |             235 |          235 |
	+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

12、合并字符串函数concat
	mysql> select concat('this','a','test'),concat('this', 'a', 'test',null),concat(123, 456);
	+---------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------+
	| concat('this','a','test') | concat('this', 'a', 'test',null) | concat(123, 456) |
	+---------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------+
	| thisatest                 | NULL                             | 123456           |
	+---------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

13、计算字符串长度函数length				char_length()以字符为单位,多字节字符当成一个字符,length()以字节为单位
	mysql> select char_length('1234'),char_length('测试'), length('测试');
	+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------+
	| char_length('1234') | char_length('测试')   | length('测试')   |
	+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------+
	|                   4 |                     2 |                6 |
	+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

14、字母小写转大写upper
	mysql> select upper('abcd测试'), ucase('abcd测试');
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	| upper('abcd测试')   | ucase('abcd测试')   |
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	| ABCD测试            | ABCD测试            |
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

15、字母大写转小写lower
	mysql> select lower('ABCD测试'), lcase('ABCD测试');
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	| lower('ABCD测试')   | lcase('ABCD测试')   |
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	| abcd测试            | abcd测试            |
	+---------------------+---------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
	
16、获取指定长度的字符串的函数left和right
	mysql> select left('left测试函数', 5), right('right测试函数', 2);
	+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
	| left('left测试函数', 5)     | right('right测试函数', 2)     |
	+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
	| left测                      | 函数                          |
	+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

17、填充字符串函数lpad和rpad
	mysql> select lpad('测试函数', 8, 'lpad'),rpad('测试函数',8,'rpad'),rpad('测试函数',2,'MYSQL');
	+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	| lpad('测试函数', 8, 'lpad')     | rpad('测试函数',8,'rpad')     | rpad('测试函数',2,'MYSQL')     |
	+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	| lpad测试函数                    | 测试函数rpad                  | 测试                           |
	+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

18、删除指定字符函数trim				both两端删除   leading前端删除   trailing后端删除  无参删两端空格
	mysql> select trim(trailing 'm' from 'msqltrim'), trim(both 'm' from 'mysqltrim'), trim(' mysqltrim ');
	+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------+
	| trim(trailing 'm' from 'msqltrim') | trim(both 'm' from 'mysqltrim') | trim(' mysqltrim ') |
	+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------+
	| msqltri                            | ysqltri                         | mysqltrim           |
	+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------+

19、删除两端空格函数ltrim,rtrim
	mysql> select length('  mysql'), length('mysql  '), length(ltrim('  mysql')), length(rtrim('mysql  '));
	+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+
	| length('  mysql') | length('mysql  ') | length(ltrim('  mysql')) | length(rtrim('mysql  ')) |
	+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+
	|                 7 |                 7 |                        5 |                        5 |
	+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

20、重复生成字符串的函数repeat
	mysql> select repeat('测试',3),repeat('测试',-1), repeat('测试',null);
	+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
	| repeat('测试',3)   | repeat('测试',-1)   | repeat('测试',null)   |
	+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
	| 测试测试测试       |                     | NULL                  |
	+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

21、空格函数space
	mysql> select length(space(10));
	+-------------------+
	| length(space(10)) |
	+-------------------+
	|                10 |
	+-------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

22、替换函数replace
	mysql> select replace('this is test', 't', 'T');
	+-----------------------------------+
	| replace('this is test', 't', 'T') |
	+-----------------------------------+
	| This is TesT                      |
	+-----------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

23、替换字符串的函数insert
	mysql> select insert('testinsert',2,2,'uu'),insert('testinsert',2,5,'uu'),insert('testinsert',2,1,'uuu');
	+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	| insert('testinsert',2,2,'uu') | insert('testinsert',2,5,'uu') | insert('testinsert',2,1,'uuu') |
	+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	| tuutinsert                    | tuusert                       | tuuustinsert                   |
	+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

24、比较字符串大小的函数strcmp
	mysql> select strcmp('strcmptest','strcmptest'),strcmp('stacmp','strcmp'),strcmp('strcmp','stacmp');
	+-----------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
	| strcmp('strcmptest','strcmptest') | strcmp('stacmp','strcmp') | strcmp('strcmp','stacmp') |
	+-----------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
	|                                 0 |                        -1 |                         1 |
	+-----------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

25、获取子串函数substring
	mysql> select substring('substringtest',4,3),substring('substringtest',4);
	+--------------------------------+------------------------------+
	| substring('substringtest',4,3) | substring('substringtest',4) |
	+--------------------------------+------------------------------+
	| str                            | stringtest                   |
	+--------------------------------+------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

26、字符串逆序函数reverse
	mysql> select reverse('abcdefg'),reverse('学习MYSQL');
	+--------------------+------------------------+
	| reverse('abcdefg') | reverse('学习MYSQL')   |
	+--------------------+------------------------+
	| gfedcba            | LQSYM习学              |
	+--------------------+------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

27、返回指定字符串位置的函数field
	mysql> select field('ab', 'abc','cd','of','ab','ab'),field(null, 'abc','cd','of','ab',null);
	+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
	| field('ab', 'abc','cd','of','ab','ab') | field(null, 'abc','cd','of','ab',null) |
	+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
	|                                      4 |                                      0 |
	+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

28、返回指定日期对应的工作日索引dayofweek和weekday				dayofweek从1周日开始 7为周六,weekday从0周一开始,6周日结束
	mysql> select dayofweek('2019-1-30'),weekday('2019-1-30');
	+------------------------+----------------------+
	| dayofweek('2019-1-30') | weekday('2019-1-30') |
	+------------------------+----------------------+
	|                      4 |                    2 |
	+------------------------+----------------------+
	1 row in set (0.03 sec)

29、返回指定日期所在月中的日期索引dayofmonth
	mysql> select dayofmonth('2017-4-4 0:18:20'),dayofmonth('2017-4-2'),dayofmonth('2017-2-30');
	+--------------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+
	| dayofmonth('2017-4-4 0:18:20') | dayofmonth('2017-4-2') | dayofmonth('2017-2-30') |
	+--------------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+
	|                              4 |                      2 |                    NULL |
	+--------------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

30、返回指定日期所在年中的日期索引dayofyear
	mysql> select dayofyear('2017-4-4 0:18:20'),dayofyear('2017-4-1'),dayofyear('2017-2-30');
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	| dayofyear('2017-4-4 0:18:20') | dayofyear('2017-4-1') | dayofyear('2017-2-30') |
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	|                            94 |                    91 |                   NULL |
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
	
31、返回指定日期对应的月份month
	mysql> select month('2017-4-4 0:22:22'),month('2007-4-2'),month('2017-2-30');
	+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
	| month('2017-4-4 0:22:22') | month('2007-4-2') | month('2017-2-30') |
	+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
	|                         4 |                 4 |               NULL |
	+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

32、返回指定日期对应的月名称monthname
	mysql> select monthname('2017-4-4 0:22:22'),monthname('2007-4-2'),monthname('2017-2-30');
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	| monthname('2017-4-4 0:22:22') | monthname('2007-4-2') | monthname('2017-2-30') |
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	| April                         | April                 | NULL                   |
	+-------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
	
33、返回指定日期对应的工作日名称dayname
	mysql> select dayname('2017-4-4 0:22:22'),dayname('2007-4-2'),dayname('2017-2-30');
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	| dayname('2017-4-4 0:22:22') | dayname('2007-4-2') | dayname('2017-2-30') |
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	| Tuesday                     | Monday              | NULL                 |
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
	
34、返回指定日期对应的季度quarter
	mysql> select quarter('2017-4-4 0:22:22'),quarter('2007-4-2'),quarter('2017-2-30');
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	| quarter('2017-4-4 0:22:22') | quarter('2007-4-2') | quarter('2017-2-30') |
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	|                           2 |                   2 |                 NULL |
	+-----------------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
		
35、返回指定日期对应的年份year
	mysql> select year('2017-4-4 0:22:22'),year('2007-4-2'),year('2017-2-30');
	+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
	| year('2017-4-4 0:22:22') | year('2007-4-2') | year('2017-2-30') |
	+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
	|                     2017 |             2007 |              NULL |
	+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
	1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

36、返回指定时间中的小时hour、分钟minute、秒数second	
	mysql> select hour('2017-4-4 0:28:12'),minute('2017-4-4 0:28:12'),second('2017-4-4 0:28:12');
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
	| hour('2017-4-4 0:28:12') | minute('2017-4-4 0:28:12') | second('2017-4-4 0:28:12') |
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
	|                        0 |                         28 |                         12 |
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

37、增加月份函数period_add
	mysql> select period_add(1201,5),period_add(201101,12);
	+--------------------+-----------------------+
	| period_add(1201,5) | period_add(201101,12) |
	+--------------------+-----------------------+
	|             201206 |                201201 |
	+--------------------+-----------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

38、取月份差函数period_diff
	mysql> select period_diff(1201,1208),period_diff(201704,201104);
	+------------------------+----------------------------+
	| period_diff(1201,1208) | period_diff(201704,201104) |
	+------------------------+----------------------------+
	|                     -7 |                         72 |
	+------------------------+----------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

39、返回当前日期函数curdate和current_date
	mysql> select curdate(), current_date;
	+------------+--------------+
	| curdate()  | current_date |
	+------------+--------------+
	| 2017-04-04 | 2017-04-04   |
	+------------+--------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

40、返回当前时间函数curtime和current_time
	mysql> select curtime(), current_time;
	+-----------+--------------+
	| curtime() | current_time |
	+-----------+--------------+
	| 00:35:39  | 00:35:39     |
	+-----------+--------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

41、获取当前时间日期函数now和sysdate
	mysql> select now(),sysdate(),sysdate()+0;
	+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
	| now()               | sysdate()           | sysdate()+0    |
	+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
	| 2017-04-04 00:36:37 | 2017-04-04 00:36:37 | 20170404003637 |
	+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

42、秒转换时间函数sec_to_time
	mysql> select sec_to_time(60),sec_to_time(180),sec_to_time(8180);
	+-----------------+------------------+-------------------+
	| sec_to_time(60) | sec_to_time(180) | sec_to_time(8180) |
	+-----------------+------------------+-------------------+
	| 00:01:00        | 00:03:00         | 02:16:20          |
	+-----------------+------------------+-------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

43、时间转换秒函数time_to_sec
	mysql> select time_to_sec('00:01:23'),time_to_sec('1:20:21');
	+-------------------------+------------------------+
	| time_to_sec('00:01:23') | time_to_sec('1:20:21') |
	+-------------------------+------------------------+
	|                      83 |                   4821 |
	+-------------------------+------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

44、返回当前用户名函数session_user
	mysql> select session_user();
	+----------------+
	| session_user() |
	+----------------+
	| root@localhost |
	+----------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
		
45、返回当前数据库名称函数database
	mysql> select database();
	+------------+
	| database() |
	+------------+
	| test       |
	+------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
		
46、返回字符串MD5校验和函数md5
	mysql> select md5('md5test');
	+----------------------------------+
	| md5('md5test')                   |
	+----------------------------------+
	| 82da61aa724b5d149a9c5dc8682c2a45 |
	+----------------------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)
		
/*****************************************************************************/	


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