通过 Wi-Fi 直连（也称为对等连接或点对点连接），您的应用可以在超出蓝牙功能的范围内快速查找附近的设备并与之互动。
通过 Wi-Fi 对等连接（点对点连接）API，应用无需连接到网络或热点就可以连接到附近的设备。如果您的应用旨在成为安全、近距离网络的一部分，则 Wi-Fi 直连选项比传统 Wi-Fi 临时网络更合适，原因如下：
Wi-Fi 直连支持 WPA2 加密。（一些临时网络仅支持 WEP 加密。）
设备可以广播其提供的服务，这有助于其他设备更容易地发现合适的对等设备。
在确定哪个设备应该是网络的群组所有者时，Wi-Fi 直连会检查各设备的电源管理、界面和服务功能，并使用该信息选择可最有效处理服务器职责的设备。
Android 不支持 Wi-Fi 临时模式。
本课介绍如何使用 Wi-Fi 点对点连接查找并连接附近的设备。
设置应用权限
如需使用 Wi-Fi 点对点，请在清单中添加 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION、CHANGE_WIFI_STATE、ACCESS_WIFI_STATE 和 INTERNET 权限。尽管 Wi-Fi P2P 不需要互联网连接，但它使用标准 Java 套接字，而这需要获得 INTERNET 权限。因此，您需要以下权限才能使用 Wi-Fi 点对点连接：
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.android.nsdchat"
...
<uses-permission
android:required="true"
android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission
android:required="true"
android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
<uses-permission
android:required="true"
android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
<uses-permission
android:required="true"
android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
...
除了上面的权限外，以下 API 还需要启用位置信息模式：
discoverPeers
discoverServices
requestPeers
设置广播接收器和对等连接管理器
如需使用 Wi-Fi 点对点连接，您需要监听广播 intent，其告知您的应用某些事件是何时发生的。在您的应用中，实例化 IntentFilter 并将其设置为监听以下内容：
WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION
指示是否启用 Wi-Fi 点对点连接
WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION
指示可用的对等设备列表已更改。
WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION
指示 Wi-Fi 点对点连接的状态已更改。从 Android 10 开始，这不是固定的。如果您的应用依赖于在注册时接收这些广播（因为其之前一直是固定的），请在初始化时使用适当的 get 方法获取信息。
WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION
指示此设备的配置详细信息已更改。从 Android 10 开始，这不是固定的。如果您的应用依赖于在注册时接收这些广播（因为其之前一直是固定的），请在初始化时使用适当的 get 方法获取信息。
Kotlin
private val intentFilter = IntentFilter()
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.main)
// Indicates a change in the Wi-Fi P2P status.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)
// Indicates a change in the list of available peers.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION)
// Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION)
// Indicates this device's details have changed.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION)
...
}
Java
private final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
...
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
// Indicates a change in the Wi-Fi P2P status.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
// Indicates a change in the list of available peers.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION);
// Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);
// Indicates this device's details have changed.
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION);
...
}
在 onCreate() 方法结束时，获取 WifiP2pManager 的实例并调用其 initialize() 方法。该方法会返回一个 WifiP2pManager.Channel 对象，稍后您将使用该对象将您的应用连接到 Wi-Fi 点对点连接框架。
Kotlin
private lateinit var channel: WifiP2pManager.Channel
private lateinit var manager: WifiP2pManager
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
...
manager = getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE) as WifiP2pManager
channel = manager.initialize(this, mainLooper, null)
}
Java
Channel channel;
WifiP2pManager manager;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
manager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE);
channel = manager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), null);
}
现在创建一个新的 BroadcastReceiver 类，您将使用该类监听对系统的 Wi-Fi 点对点连接状态进行的更改。在 onReceive() 方法中，添加一个条件以处理上面列出的每个点对点连接状态更改。
Kotlin
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
when(intent.action) {
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
// Determine if Wifi P2P mode is enabled or not, alert
// the Activity.
val state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1)
activity.isWifiP2pEnabled = state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED
}
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
// The peer list has changed! We should probably do something about
// that.
}
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
// Connection state changed! We should probably do something about
// that.
}
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
(activity.supportFragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.frag_list) as DeviceListFragment)
.apply {
updateThisDevice(
intent.getParcelableExtra(
WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE) as WifiP2pDevice
)
}
}
}
}
Java
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
// Determine if Wifi P2P mode is enabled or not, alert
// the Activity.
int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1);
if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) {
activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(true);
} else {
activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(false);
}
} else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
// The peer list has changed! We should probably do something about
// that.
} else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
// Connection state changed! We should probably do something about
// that.
} else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
DeviceListFragment fragment = (DeviceListFragment) activity.getFragmentManager()
.findFragmentById(R.id.frag_list);
fragment.updateThisDevice((WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra(
WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE));
}
}
最后，添加代码以在您的主 Activity 处于活动状态时注册 intent 过滤器和广播接收器，并在该 Activity 暂停时取消注册 intent 过滤器和广播接收器。最好使用 onResume() 和 onPause() 方法。
Kotlin
/** register the BroadcastReceiver with the intent values to be matched */
public override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
receiver = WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver(manager, channel, this)
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter)
}
public override fun onPause() {
super.onPause()
unregisterReceiver(receiver)
}
Java
/** register the BroadcastReceiver with the intent values to be matched */
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
receiver = new WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver(manager, channel, this);
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
启动对等设备发现
如需使用 Wi-Fi 点对点连接开始搜索附近的设备，请调用 discoverPeers()。此方法采用以下参数：
WifiP2pManager.Channel，在初始化对等设备 mManager 时收回的参数
WifiP2pManager.ActionListener 的实现，包含系统为成功和未成功发现调用的方法。
Kotlin
manager.discoverPeers(channel, object : WifiP2pManager.ActionListener {
override fun onSuccess() {
// Code for when the discovery initiation is successful goes here.
// No services have actually been discovered yet, so this method
// can often be left blank. Code for peer discovery goes in the
// onReceive method, detailed below.
}
override fun onFailure(reasonCode: Int) {
// Code for when the discovery initiation fails goes here.
// Alert the user that something went wrong.
}
})
Java
manager.discoverPeers(channel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
// Code for when the discovery initiation is successful goes here.
// No services have actually been discovered yet, so this method
// can often be left blank. Code for peer discovery goes in the
// onReceive method, detailed below.
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reasonCode) {
// Code for when the discovery initiation fails goes here.
// Alert the user that something went wrong.
}
});
请记住，这仅启动对等设备发现。discoverPeers() 方法启动发现过程，然后立即返回。系统通过在提供的操作监听器中调用方法通知您是否成功启动对等设备发现过程。此外，在启动某个连接或形成点对点连接群组之前，发现一直处于活跃状态。
获取对等设备列表
现在编写获取并处理对等设备列表的代码。首先实现 WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener 接口，该接口提供有关 Wi-Fi 点对点连接检测到的对等设备的信息。通过这些信息，您的应用还可以确定对等设备何时加入或离开网络。以下代码段展示了这些与对等设备相关的操作：
Kotlin
private val peers = mutableListOf<WifiP2pDevice>()
...
private val peerListListener = WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener { peerList ->
val refreshedPeers = peerList.deviceList
if (refreshedPeers != peers) {
peers.clear()
peers.addAll(refreshedPeers)
// If an AdapterView is backed by this data, notify it
// of the change. For instance, if you have a ListView of
// available peers, trigger an update.
(listAdapter as WiFiPeerListAdapter).notifyDataSetChanged()
// Perform any other updates needed based on the new list of
// peers connected to the Wi-Fi P2P network.
}
if (peers.isEmpty()) {
Log.d(TAG, "No devices found")
return@PeerListListener
}
}
Java
private List<WifiP2pDevice> peers = new ArrayList<WifiP2pDevice>();
...
private PeerListListener peerListListener = new PeerListListener() {
@Override
public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peerList) {
List<WifiP2pDevice> refreshedPeers = peerList.getDeviceList();
if (!refreshedPeers.equals(peers)) {
peers.clear();
peers.addAll(refreshedPeers);
// If an AdapterView is backed by this data, notify it
// of the change. For instance, if you have a ListView of
// available peers, trigger an update.
((WiFiPeerListAdapter) getListAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged();
// Perform any other updates needed based on the new list of
// peers connected to the Wi-Fi P2P network.
}
if (peers.size() == 0) {
Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "No devices found");
return;
}
}
}
现在修改广播接收器的 onReceive() 方法，以便在收到具有操作 WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION 的 intent 时调用 requestPeers()。您需要以某种方式将此监听器传递给接收器。一种方式是将其作为一个参数发送给广播接收器的构造函数。
Kotlin
fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
when (intent.action) {
...
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
// Request available peers from the wifi p2p manager. This is an
// asynchronous call and the calling activity is notified with a
// callback on PeerListListener.onPeersAvailable()
mManager?.requestPeers(channel, peerListListener)
Log.d(TAG, "P2P peers changed")
}
...
}
}
Java
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
...
else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
// Request available peers from the wifi p2p manager. This is an
// asynchronous call and the calling activity is notified with a
// callback on PeerListListener.onPeersAvailable()
if (mManager != null) {
mManager.requestPeers(channel, peerListListener);
}
Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "P2P peers changed");
}...
}
现在，具有操作 WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION intent 的 intent 触发对更新的对等设备列表的请求。
连接到对等设备
如需连接到对等设备，请创建一个新的 WifiP2pConfig 对象，并从代表您要连接到的设备的 WifiP2pDevice 将数据复制到该对象中。然后调用 connect() 方法。
Kotlin
override fun connect() {
// Picking the first device found on the network.
val device = peers[0]
val config = WifiP2pConfig().apply {
deviceAddress = device.deviceAddress
wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC
}
manager.connect(channel, config, object : WifiP2pManager.ActionListener {
override fun onSuccess() {
// WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver notifies us. Ignore for now.
}
override fun onFailure(reason: Int) {
Toast.makeText(
this@WiFiDirectActivity,
"Connect failed. Retry.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
).show()
}
})
}
Java
@Override
public void connect() {
// Picking the first device found on the network.
WifiP2pDevice device = peers.get(0);
WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig();
config.deviceAddress = device.deviceAddress;
config.wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC;
manager.connect(channel, config, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
// WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver notifies us. Ignore for now.
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Toast.makeText(WiFiDirectActivity.this, "Connect failed. Retry.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
如果群组中的每个设备都支持 Wi-Fi 直连，则在连接时无需明确提示输入群组的密码。但如需允许不支持 Wi-Fi 直连的设备加入群组，则需要通过调用 requestGroupInfo() 检索此密码，如以下代码段所示：
Kotlin
manager.requestGroupInfo(channel) { group ->
val groupPassword = group.passphrase
}
Java
manager.requestGroupInfo(channel, new GroupInfoListener() {
@Override
public void onGroupInfoAvailable(WifiP2pGroup group) {
String groupPassword = group.getPassphrase();
}
});
请注意，在 connect() 方法中实现的 WifiP2pManager.ActionListener 仅在启动成功或失败时通知您。如需监听连接状态的更改，请实现 WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener 接口。其 onConnectionInfoAvailable() 回调在连接状态更改时通知您。如果多个设备要连接到单个设备（就像有三个或更多玩家的游戏，或聊天应用），应将一个设备指定为“群组所有者”。您可以按照创建群组部分中的步骤，将特定设备指定为网络的群组所有者。
Kotlin
private val connectionListener = WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener { info ->
// InetAddress from WifiP2pInfo struct.
val groupOwnerAddress: String = info.groupOwnerAddress.hostAddress
// After the group negotiation, we can determine the group owner
// (server).
if (info.groupFormed && info.isGroupOwner) {
// Do whatever tasks are specific to the group owner.
// One common case is creating a group owner thread and accepting
// incoming connections.
} else if (info.groupFormed) {
// The other device acts as the peer (client). In this case,
// you'll want to create a peer thread that connects
// to the group owner.
}
}
Java
@Override
public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(final WifiP2pInfo info) {
// InetAddress from WifiP2pInfo struct.
InetAddress groupOwnerAddress = info.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress();
// After the group negotiation, we can determine the group owner
// (server).
if (info.groupFormed && info.isGroupOwner) {
// Do whatever tasks are specific to the group owner.
// One common case is creating a group owner thread and accepting
// incoming connections.
} else if (info.groupFormed) {
// The other device acts as the peer (client). In this case,
// you'll want to create a peer thread that connects
// to the group owner.
}
}
现在返回广播接收器的 onReceive()方法，并修改监听 WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION intent 的部分。收到此 intent 时，调用 requestConnectionInfo()。这是一个异步调用，因此，由您作为参数提供的连接信息监听器接收结果。
Kotlin
when (intent.action) {
...
WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
// Connection state changed! We should probably do something about
// that.
mManager?.let { manager ->
val networkInfo: NetworkInfo? = intent
.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO) as NetworkInfo
if (networkInfo?.isConnected == true) {
// We are connected with the other device, request connection
// info to find group owner IP
manager.requestConnectionInfo(channel, connectionListener)
}
}
}
...
}
Java
...
} else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
if (manager == null) {
return;
}
NetworkInfo networkInfo = (NetworkInfo) intent
.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {
// We are connected with the other device, request connection
// info to find group owner IP
manager.requestConnectionInfo(channel, connectionListener);
}
...
创建群组
如果您希望运行应用的设备充当包括传统设备（即不支持 Wi-Fi 直连的设备）的网络的群组所有者，则请遵循连接到对等设备部分中的相同步骤序列，除非您使用 createGroup() 而不是 connect() 创建新的 WifiP2pManager.ActionListener。WifiP2pManager.ActionListener 中的回调处理方式相同，如以下代码段所示：
Kotlin
manager.createGroup(channel, object : WifiP2pManager.ActionListener {
override fun onSuccess() {
// Device is ready to accept incoming connections from peers.
}
override fun onFailure(reason: Int) {
Toast.makeText(
this@WiFiDirectActivity,
"P2P group creation failed. Retry.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
).show()
}
})
Java
manager.createGroup(channel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
// Device is ready to accept incoming connections from peers.
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Toast.makeText(WiFiDirectActivity.this, "P2P group creation failed. Retry.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
注意：如果网络中的所有设备都支持 Wi-Fi 直连，则可在每个设备上使用 connect() 方法，因为该方法随后将自动创建群组并选择群组所有者。
创建群组后，可以调用 requestGroupInfo() 检索有关网络上对等设备的详细信息，包括设备名称和连接状态。
本页面上的内容和代码示例受内容许可部分所述许可的限制。Java 和 OpenJDK 是 Oracle 和/或其关联公司的注册商标。
最后更新时间 (UTC)：2020-06-10。
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