定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新.
UML结构图:
解析:
Observer模式定义的是一种一对多的关系,这里的一就是图中的Subject类,而多则是Obesrver类,当Subject类的状态发生变化的时候通知与之对应的Obesrver类们也去相应的更新状态,同时支持动态的添加和删除Observer对象的功能.Obesrver模式的实现要点是,第一一般subject类都是采用链表等容器来存放Observer对象,第二抽取出Observer对象的一些公共的属性形成Observer基类,而Subject中保存的则是Observer类对象的指针,这样就使Subject和具体的Observer实现了解耦,也就是Subject不需要去关心到底是哪个Observer对放进了自己的容器中.生活中有很多例子可以看做是Observer模式的运用,比方说,一个班有一个班主任(Subject),他管理手下的一帮学生(Observer),当班里有一些事情发生需要通知学生的时候,班主任要做的不是逐个学生挨个的通知而是把学生召集起来一起通知,实现了班主任和具体学生的关系解耦.
#ifndef OBSERVER_H_
#define OBSERVER_H_
#include <list>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Observer
{
public:
virtual void Update(float afTemp, float afHumidity, float afPressure) = 0;
};
class DisplayElement
{
public:
virtual void Display() = 0;
};
class Subject
{
public:
Subject()
{
}
virtual ~ Subject(){};
virtual void NotifyObserver() = 0;
virtual void RegisterObserver(Observer* apObserver) = 0;
virtual void RemoveObserver(Observer* apObserver) = 0;
protected:
std::list<Observer*> m_ListObserver;
};
class CurrentConditionDisplaye : public Observer, DisplayElement
{
public:
CurrentConditionDisplaye(Subject* apSubject)
{
m_pWeatherData = apSubject;
m_pWeatherData->RegisterObserver(this);
}
virtual void Update(float afTemp, float afHumidity, float afPressure)
{
m_fTemperature = afTemp;
m_fHumidity = afHumidity;
Display();
}
virtual void Display()
{
cout<<"current conditions: "<<m_fTemperature<<"F degrees and "<<m_fHumidity<<" % humidity"<<endl;
}
private:
float m_fTemperature;
float m_fHumidity;
Subject* m_pWeatherData;
};
class WeatherData : public Subject
{
public:
virtual void NotifyObserver() ;
virtual void RegisterObserver(Observer* apObserver);
virtual void RemoveObserver(Observer* apObserver);
void SetMeasurements(float afTemperature, float afHumidity, float afPressure)
{
m_fHumidity = afHumidity;
m_fPressure = afPressure;
m_fTemperature = afTemperature;
MeasurementsChanged();
}
protected:
void MeasurementsChanged()
{
NotifyObserver();
}
protected:
float m_fTemperature;
float m_fHumidity;
float m_fPressure;
};
#endif
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <algorithm>
void WeatherData::RegisterObserver(Observer* apObserver)
{
m_ListObserver.push_back(apObserver);
}
void WeatherData::RemoveObserver(Observer* apObserver)
{
std::list<Observer*>::iterator itor;
itor = std::find(m_ListObserver.begin(), m_ListObserver.end(), apObserver);
if (itor != m_ListObserver.end())
{
m_ListObserver.erase(itor);
}
}
void WeatherData::NotifyObserver()
{
std::list<Observer*>::iterator itor;
Observer* lpObserver = NULL;
for (itor = m_ListObserver.begin(); itor != m_ListObserver.end(); itor++)
{
lpObserver = (*itor);
lpObserver->Update(m_fTemperature, m_fHumidity, m_fPressure);
}
}
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
WeatherData* lpWeatherData = new WeatherData;
CurrentConditionDisplaye* lpCurConDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplaye(lpWeatherData);
lpWeatherData->SetMeasurements(10, 20, 30);
delete lpWeatherData;
delete lpCurConDisplay;
return 0;
}